Scroll.in has an article on a new book by a young scholar- Ankit Kawade.
How did the Manusmriti bind Friedrich Nietzsche and B.R. Ambedkar in a tangle?
It didn't. Ambedkar was a barrister who needed to know what Manu, Yajnyavalkya, etc. had said on various matters of Hindu personal law. Manusmriti neither bound him, nor tangled him. Nietzche was a syphilitic, Wagnerian, cunt babbling nonsense- albeit in a manner which verged on the mantic.
Ambedkar had zero interest in Nietzsche though he was aware that Iqbal had taken him up as the foundation for his doctrine of 'khuddi'- self-development- but there was an elitist 'Aryan' element to this. Ambedkar developed a 'broken man' thesis whereby 'chandalas' weren't indigenous people with inferior technology driven into the forests or margins of society by fair skinned 'Aryans'. Instead they were members of defeated tribes of the same race & stage of technological development as the victors. The victors dispersed them, so as to prevent their joining together once again. & reduced their ritual status, so as to demoralize them.
Ambedkar adopted the theory of Ayothee Dasan- viz. that Dalits were Buddhists who had been defeated by a revived Brahmanism- who, in turn, was influenced by the American Colonel Olcott who had resided in Sri Lanka where there was evidence that the 'untouchable caste' was descended, on the distaff side, from defeated princes whose lineages were disgraced by forcible marriage of daughters to those of the lowest strata.
How and why do they come to radically different conclusions about the Manusmriti?
Ambedkar came to the conclusion that all smart Maharashtrians- Chitpavan, Deshastha, Puryakayasth as much as Mahar- had already come to viz. ritualistic casteism belonged in the fucking crapper mate. The thing is a nuisance & imposes a high cost on poor people seeking occupational mobility. The rich can do what they want because they can hire a priest to do the necessary ritual expiation to restore ritual purity.
| Where Maharashtra & Bengal led, everyone followed. Nehru, in his Autobiography, expatiates on the absurdity that his younger sister had to pretend to convert to Brahmoism because she was marrying a rich Bania of the Jain sect. This was because it was against the law for Brahmin girls to marry non-Brahmins. Indeed, Parsees (Zoroastrians, descended from refugees from Iran) gleefully pointed out that, from the legal point of view, Nehru's daughter, Indira, was the concubine, not the wife, of Feroz Gandhi. Clearly stupid shite of that sort- including the illegality of 'svagotra' marriage- had to be done away with by legislative means. That is why Ambedkar was Nehru's Law Minister. Sadly he resigned. Perhaps he thought he could get re-elected as an independent. But other Dalits didn't like him. They thought he had sold his soul to Whitey. Also, he was married to a fucking Brahmin! Doesn't our own community have enough beautiful & smart girls for you to pick from, Barrister Sahib?
While Nietzsche bestowed glowing praise on this text in 1895,
He had gone utterly mad in 1889. He couldn't praise shit in 1895. All he could do was drool incontinently.
Ambedkar consigned a copy of it to flames in 1927.
Nobody cared then and nobody cares now. Manusmriti had no application to Mahars or numerous other castes. It was burdensome only to the twice-born. The smart play would be to demand a quid pro quo in return for legislating against its provisions.
In The Ambedkar–Nietzsche Provocations: The Genius of the Chandala and the Gospel of the Superman,
There was no such 'provocation'. During the Great War- when Ambedkar was completing his post-grad education in America- German philosophy had come into severe disrepute. Nietzsche was considered a prophet of the 'blonde beast' who, in the words of Thomas Mann, opposed Western Culture because theirs was an essentially pagan and utterly savage culture similar to that of Atilla the Hun.
author Ankit Kawade, recipient of the Navayana Dalit History Fellowship,
i.e. too stupid to do STEM subjects.
comes to terms with these contradictions.
Where was the contradiction? Ambedkar was an American style pragmatist with a deep affection for Dewey. Like other Anglo-Saxons (save racist nutters) he considered German philosophy to be shit produced by coprophagous savages.
Here’s an edited excerpt from the Introduction, where Kawade explains how and why he came to yoke the two contrarian thinkers.
During my time as an undergraduate in Pune from 2013 to 2016, I often walked past a plush duplex house named “Manusmruti”. This homage to the ancient Brahmanic lawbook, Manusmriti or Manavadharmasastra, was unusual.
No. For 'twice born' Hindus, Manu is the spiritual son of Lord Brahma. It is usual, not unusual, to honour him.
The owner named on the plaque was a high-caste Hindu woman.
Dalits are a minority in Pune. There is a substantial Brahmin population.
What may have caused her to name her house after a 2000-year-old text notorious for its derogatory treatment of women and non-Brahmins?
Manu says Brahmin women should be given the sacred thread, albeit at a lower tariff of Vedic education. Why would a Brahmin woman honour Manu? The answer is he is self-born- i.e. is his own mother & progenitor of our race. This points to Non-Duality as undergirding the material appearance of gender dimorphism. Perhaps the lady was a 'vidushi' exponent of Smriti or had been so in a previous life. In that case, her action is self-explanatory to others of her religion but not to 'undergraduates' of a different religion who are studying worthless shite.
The disparaging views expressed in the Manusmriti about a large section of humanity are no longer a secret.
Nor are Ambedkar's disparaging views of people of his second wife's community.
In November 2022, Tamil Nadu’s Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi,
a 'Dalit Panther' party inspired by the American 'Black Panthers'. It supported Tamil separatism in Sri Lanka, but its real enemy was the anti-Brahmin Dravidian parties dominated by agricultural castes who need Dalits to accept low wages as agricultural labourers. This means they may attack 'uppity' Dalits earning good money in the Cities.
an anti-caste political party from southern India,
Everyone is anti-caste, though, if they own land & want cheap agricultural labour, they may also perpetrate atrocities against Dalits. But this is done by the dominant non-Brahmin castes.
Also, if we kill a Brahmin priest because he says he can't officiate at our wedding because he has been pre-booked, you should understand that we are protesting against Manusmriti. On the other hand, if we rape Dalit women who are hinting they would like to be paid for their labour, we are standing up for Backward Castes denied education & even basic human dignity by Aryan invaders like Narendra Modi. Rahul Gandhi, on the other hand, is all right. Soniaji is pure Dravidian.
distributed 100,000 copies of a 32-page booklet containing excerpts from the Manusmriti for free. Thol. Thirumavalavan, the leader of the party,
He is smart. He has 2 seats in the Central Parliament. I bet the BJP is trying to woo him away from his DMK allies. Kharge too might be interested in bagging him for Congress. I think he should stick with Stalin. There is a feel-good factor being created by the son of Karunanidhi. Moreover, he himself has a son to take over from him. Hope it won't be anytime soon. Stalin is ten years older than me. He looks 15 years younger. Fuck you Stalin! Fuck you very much!
wrote a concise introduction to this booklet. The purpose was
to say 'Aryan' Buddhist Sinhalas have put Sri Lankan Tamils in their place. There's nothing we can do about it. But the Buddhist 'Shraman' & the Tamil Dalit can make common cause against 'Brahmanism'- though the two top Brahmins in Indian politics are Rahul & Mamta. Modi & Shah & Yogi aren't Brahmins.
to “expose” the origins of the Hindutva ideology.
Fuck caste in the ass. Become as cohesive as the Brits or, better yet, the egalitarian Americans. Stop Sectarian mud-slinging. Ecumenicism is the way to go. That's why the BJP appoints Scheduled Caste & Scheduled Tribe people to the highest political office- viz. the Presidency. Ambedkarites aren't happy that Dalits prefer to vote for the BJP rather than one of the very many Ambedkarite splinter groups.
He referred to this campaign as a political stand and described the Manusmriti as the “political manifesto of [the] RSS [Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]”,
Did you know Narendra Modi is actually a Brahmin from Britain (real name Nicholas Maugham) whereas Soniaji is a Dalit who can speak only Tamil?
The RSS succeeded because it successfully broke down caste-barriers by appealing to Nationalist sentiment. Ambedkarites are anti-national, which is why they are given affirmative action in the West.
the Hindu nationalist paramilitary organization.
Created by Dr. Hegdewar because the Congress Seva Dal, created by his pal Dr. Hardikar, could be banned at any moment as a 'political' rather than 'social' organisation.
For Thirumavalavan, contemporary Hindutva was simply the bearer of the historical legacy of discrimination against non-Brahmins and women of all castes inaugurated by the Manusmriti.
No. This is a smart dude. Like Stalin he is worried about 'delimitation'- i.e. Hindi belt gaining more seats in Parliament. Let us see how this plays out. After all, in 2024, Modi was hinting that if he got a majority he would do what Vaypayee did and freeze the thing for another 25 years. Sadly, that is no longer an option. The census is going ahead & delimitation will be implemented on its basis.
More than 200 years have passed since this ancient lawbook was first translated into English in 1794 by the British Orientalist scholar, philologist, and jurist Sir William Jones (1746–1794), and a little less than a hundred years since modern India’s most revolutionary intellectual, BR Ambedkar (1891–1956), publicly burned a copy in 1927 in Mahad, a small municipal town in western India.
Neither event mattered at all. Manusmriti, Yajnyavalkya, Mitakshara etc. were getting incorporated into British Indian law in any case. After 1917, British officials were encouraging 'Depressed Class' leaders to demand countervailing power against the High Caste Hindu Congress party. Still, Ambedkar's stance had some significance- of a negative sort. The guy had a PhD from Columbia on Indian fiscal policy and another from the LSE in monetary policy. By indulging in histrionics, he had neutralized himself as a weapon in the hands of the Nationalists. Otherwise, this dude could have been Finance Minister of Bombay in 1937 & Nehru's Economic Tzar in the Fifties.
Sadly, Ambedkar was a hysterical fool & proved utterly useless to everybody. He ended up as the 'Boddhisattva' of a religion which had broadcast untouchability as far as Japan. Since Lord Buddha, in Hinduism, is an incarnation of Vishnu, Ambedkar is now worshipped by all castes of Hindus in the big temple complexes constructed by Mayawati when she was CM of UP.
In that time, the Manusmriti and its elusive (or even absent) author “Manu” have come to enjoy a religious and symbolic revival.
No. Actual Mimamsakas, like Chief Justice Gajendragadkar, had been saying, since the Thirties, that nothing less than a comprehensive Hindu Code Bill would do. Nehru did deliver this which is why the Dynasty kept its hold on the Hindu vote till 'assassination tempered autocracy' &, more importantly, Rahul turned out to be a cretin widely believed, by me, to have been incessantly sodomised by Mahua Moitra's dog. Why else has the dynast not gotten married and sired an heir? That's the only 'mission critical' function of an heir by primogeniture.
In 1989, a ten-foot-tall statue of Manu, the progenitor of mankind according to Hindu mythology, was installed in the premises of the Rajasthan High Court in Jaipur.
Because Manu is the Hindu law-giver par excellence. Guess which religion is 88 percent of the population of Rajasthan? You are right. Jews are the majority there.
Never officially inaugurated, it was ostensibly built as part of a “beautification” drive. The statue prompted multiple protests and contestations. Within months, the Rajasthan High Court ordered its removal.
Rajiv Gandhi was still alive then. Sri Lankan Tamils killed him. Talk about an own goal!
The pioneering political organiser, strategist, and founder of the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), Kanshi Ram
who was useless. The BSP owes everything to Mayawati. Why is this misogynist cunt not mentioning her?
– who can be credited with lending the term “Manuwadi” (follower of Manu) popular and political currency – protested against it.
Mayawati, becoming Chief Minister of UP, built bigger & better statues of Ambedkar, Phule & herself
However, due to a public interest litigation (PIL) filed by Acharya Dharmendra, a leader of the militant Hindu right-wing organisation Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP),
Ambedkarites have innumerable anti-Hindu organisations. But they aren't left-wing. They are useless.
the court order for the removal of the statue was stalled in 1989. This PIL, pending for more than thirty years, is said to be the oldest writ petition filed in the Rajasthan High Court.
It isn't. The oldest pending cases date back to the Seventies.
The last hearing in this case in 2015 was disrupted by a protesting group of around four hundred Brahmin lawyers, who feared the removal of Manu’s statue due to renewed protests by Dalit rights activists.
Nobody fears them. Either they can protect agricultural labourers in the hinterland or they are just 'performance artists'.
In October 2018, Kantabai Ahire and Sheela Pawar, two Dalit women from Aurangabad, Maharashtra, travelled to Jaipur and sprayed black paint on the statue. They were arrested on charges of “hurting religious sentiments”.
Nobody cared. These two ladies will have to end up supporting Sharia law & triple talaq & hijab & so forth. Still, maybe they made some money out of the stunt.
In December 2022, the Congress leader Jairam Ramesh
an Iyengar- i.e. Tamil Brahmin
said that such a statue within High Court premises was wholly inappropriate in a nation governed by Ambedkar’s Constitution.
Like the Burmese Constitution, it was written by Sir B.N Rau- a Konkani Brahmin. Ambedkar dismissed his own contribution as 'hack work'. Still, he married a Brahmin. If not one of us, he is a 'sambandhi'.
However, the Congress party, which is in power in the state at the time of writing, has yet to show any interest in removing the statue.
The BJP are now in power.
In February 2023, the Supreme Court dismissed a PIL demanding the removal of the statue, on the grounds that a similar PIL was pending before the Rajasthan High Court.
How is this relevant? Public interest litigation is a nuisance merely.
Growing up in an Ambedkarite family in Vidarbha, Maharashtra, the names of Manu and the Manusmriti were familiar to me.
But what they signified was not. Similarly, Hitler grew up in a household where the word 'Jew' was familiar to him. Sadly, killing Jews turns out to be a terrible idea. Jews are smart. Some may be shitheads, but lots of them make great contributions to STEM subjects.
A frayed, worn-out Marathi copy of The Buddha and His Dhamma in my grandparents’ house marked my first foray into the thought-world of Ambedkar.
It was paranoid shit. Ambedkar knew that there were Brahmins in Bali but no untouchables. There were no Brahmins in Japan but there were untouchables. Buddhism is the ultimate 'Aryan' religion which spread untouchability far and wide.
When my siblings and I were handed this text, we were told how “Babasaheb”, as he is fondly called in most Ambedkarite households, had written this work after his decades-long study of Buddhism.
This is unfair. He was a busy man. He had studied Econ but was shit at it. He hadn't studied Indic religion but could use secondary sources just as well as any other paranoid nutcase or hate monger. What matters is that he contributed zero to Socialist thought in India. This is why we cherish him. Socialist thought is shit.
We were told that his study yielded the judgment (phaisla) that the Buddha’s dhamma was the most rational (buddhimatta) and the most ethical (nitimatta) of all world religions, especially contra Brahmanic Hinduism.
Though all the great commentators & elucidators of Buddhism were Brahmins. None were Dalit.
For my grandparents,
who were ignorant of Brahmin religion & culture
the text that epitomised the Brahmanic worldview was the Manusmriti.
They were wrong.
They had never read it, but knew a few verses (in Marathi translation) from memory. We were also told how a man like Ambedkar, who had around fifty thousand books in his personal library, had publicly burned a copy of this book in order to reclaim our manuski (human dignity), something that was denied to us by the Manusmriti.
It was the Brits who decided to stop recruiting Mahars into the Army. They were impressed by Brahmins. They weren't impressed by 'pariahs'. True, there were some exceptions. Wavell found Jagjivan Ram was the one Minister who understood his portfolio.
Later in my undergraduate years, as a student of German
Hitler was from Germany. He killed Jews- who come from the Middle East- & Gypsies- who come from India. He didn't like darkies though he was cordial to high caste people like Bose & Nambiar.
in Pune, when I encountered the writings of Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900),Who said 'You go to women? Do not forget the whip!'
I was shocked.
Why? The man was mentally ill.
Why had Nietzsche bestowed glowing praise on the Manusmriti in his 1895 text The Antichrist?
Because, for the previous century, everybody had lavished praise on it- including dudes like Emerson.
Why was he using a term like “Chandala”, which I had previously known (and heard) only as an abuse used generically against all Dalits or against something or someone perceived as “lowly” or “disgusting”?
Why do English speakers still use the term 'pariah' which refers to a particular Dalit community from Tamil Nadu? Why is the word 'Pundit' considered honourable? How come there are 'Boston Brahmins'? The answer is that Brahmins make a good impression on foreigners. Dalits don't. Still, if this can secure them tenure in shite subjects on the basis of their being more abject than thou, let some cretins prosper in that way.
This set of early encounters
i.e. stupidity & ignorance this cunt displayed when he was a kid, entitles him to remain stupid & ignorant all his life.
has led to The Ambedkar–Nietzsche Provocations, a comparative investigation of how Nietzsche and Ambedkar interpreted the Manusmriti in their writings.
Just let 'Co-pilot' do it for you. After that, you can get it to write a book for you on 'Ambedkar & Adorno' or 'Mayawati & Merleau-Ponty' or whatever.
Widely regarded as the most authoritative compendium of Hindu law,
Not since 1955-56 & the passage of the 4 'Hindu Code' Bills.
the Manusmriti is part of the Dharmashastra tradition of ancient Brahmanic thought,
Which Brahmins knew about because it applied to them. Dalits didn't because they have their separate customary law.
which, along with the Dharmasutras, constitutes a body of texts dealing primarily with jurisprudence. Set in metrical verse consisting of shlokas of thirty-two syllables, the Dharmashastras recorded the normative mapping of ancient Brahmanism, a sweeping worldview of how things and beings ought to be.
Only for the 'twice born'. It had no application to others. Similarly Sharia only applies to Muslims & Canon Law applied to Christians.
The Sanskrit scholar and philologist Patrick Olivelle
not recognised as any such thing by twice born Hindus
says: “Composed probably in the middle of the second century CE, [The Laws of] Manu represents a watershed in the history of Dharmasastra when the scholarly tradition of debate and disagreement of the previous centuries was abandoned … and the authoritative voice of the author rises to drown out all dissent.”
This is clearly false. Manusmriti was the text of one of a number of competing schools of Law. As under the Mughals, who would pick & choose which 'Mazhab's' ratio should apply in a particular case, Hindu (or Buddhist or Jain) rules would pick and choose from different law books. But Law is, as Hume remarked, merely a service industry- its aim is utility. Everything was defeasible by reference to 'best practice amongst the best people'.
Ambedkar could have been a Coasian 'Law & Econ' guy avant la lettre. At the least, he could have kept abreast of what Abba Lerner & Koopmans etc were getting up to. But he descended into paranoid hate politics after returning to India. Why? The Brits didn't really want their protege's to do anything to reform India's fiscal or monetary policy. They had a dog in the manger attitude. They wanted things to get worse once they left. Thanks to their stooges- they achieved their aim.
The Manusmriti is also the Dharmashastra which has produced the most textual engagement in Brahmanic literature, with nine commentaries written by authors from circa the 7th (the earliest known commentator, Bharuchi) to the 17th century CE (the last known commentator, Manirama).
This is because Manu, from the Islamic p.o.v, could be seen as a 'kitabi' (i.e. one who provided a written text) prophet. This was important when Muslims ruled the roost because it meant Hindus could be considered 'dhimmi' rather than utter 'kaffirs'.
Against this lineage of laudatory reception, Nietzsche and Ambedkar enter the scene as its modern interpreters.
No. Neither were Sanskrit Pundits or 'twice born' Hindus. One may as well say 'Hitler & Barbara Streisland, in Yentl, emerged as modern interpreters of 'kashruth'.'
Their interpretations are undergirded by what the French philosopher Paul Ricoeur calls a “hermeneutics of suspicion”.
One could equally say 'Straussian'. But this hermeneutic, when turned on Ambekarite raving, cashes out as 'the cunt was propped up by the Brits to divide & rule. Like his pal, J.N. Mandal, he went into the political wilderness soon after they departed.'
Ricoeur distinguishes between “recollection of meaning”,
e.g. remembering that Beyonce took out a restraining order against you
constituting one pole in the practice of textual interpretation, and the “exercise of suspicion”
Beyonce loves me! She wants me to stalk her. She becomes erotically aroused when she finds my little presents of decapitated Barbie dolls. Evil Jewish Lawyers are preventing me from being with my beloved. She herself may have been brainwashed, by Neo-Liberalism, into thinking she would not greatly benefit by being skinned alive by me. But that is the fault of what Habermas calls 'mental colonization' & which Chomsky stigmatizes as 'manufactured consent'.
inaugurated by the writings of Karl Marx, Nietzsche, and Sigmund Freud
all of whom were ignorant shitheads. To be fair, Nietszche didn't make money gaslighting people the way Fraud did. Also, Marx was genuinely poor.
in the European philosophical tradition.
Which is shit.
While “revelation”, “reminiscence”, and “restoration” are the primary modes of handling meaning in the hermeneutics of faith,
Not for Hindus. You have to find 'apoorvata'- something novel- otherwise you have failed as a hermeneut.
“demystification” and “deciphering” constitute the fundamental characteristics of the hermeneutics of suspicion.
Fuck that! Just tell stupid lies. Did you know that when Trump refused to say he didn't want the Pope to fuck him in the ass, what was implied was that he wanted the Ayatollah to fuck everybody to death?
These antipodes distinguish a believer from a critic.
What distinguishes them is Faith. This boy is a cretin.
In my estimation,
which is worthless
Nietzsche and Ambedkar are two of the most consequential modern practitioners of the hermeneutics of suspicion.
Dalits may, one day, vote for Ambedkarite cretins. But they don't give a fuck about 'Oopar ya Nietzsche'.
While Nietzsche seeks to “transvalue” the fundamental tenets of Christian morality, Ambedkar tries to exhume the violence buried within the Manusmriti.
No. He genuinely didn't want the Dalits to suffer the same fate as Muslims in Nehru's India. He needed to pretend that Dalits were 'broken men'- i.e had the same genetic & cultural heritage as the majority community. The RSS welcomed this. Why? They want Dalits to be fully incorporated into mainstream Hinduism. Ambedkar did them a favour by pushing them towards Buddhism- which is all about vegetarianism & giving up alcohol & getting ahead through thrift, enterprise & education.
The text surfaces in both their writings at different historical junctures and for disparate purposes. While Nietzsche looked at it from a distance with an exoticising – perhaps even an Orientalising – eye,
He looked at it in Racialist, Wagnerian, terms. So did Iqbal whose version of the 'Hammer's song' involves Himalaya saying to Ganga 'become strong! Outlast the ages'. The cunt didn't get that agricultural India depends on its rivers.
The truth is, Iqbal was a stupid cunt- a barrister like Ambedkar with a Western PhD. Rajendra Prasad's was home grown. Back then, even non-STEM Indian PhDs weren't worthless. Now all such credentials are equally shitty- as this shithead amply demonstrates.
finding in its rigid hierarchies a sign of strength against the turgid egalitarianism of modern Europe,
There was no fucking egalitarianism in Nietzsche's Europe.
Ambedkar saw it as the blueprint for an apparatus of hierarchy and domination that he intimately knew and suffered.
No. He pretended it was because he was a shithead who would only have salience so long as Brits wanted to fuck up Indian fiscal & monetary policy out of pure 'dog-in-the-manger' malice.
Nietzsche and Ambedkar exert an unparalleled force in the history of what Marx called “criticism of religion”.
Ambedkar founded a religion- admittedly a shit one- but then he also married a Brahmin Doctor in the belief she would help him manage his diabetes. Sadly, female Doctors of that description- back then- tended to be utterly shit.
The depth with which the value of the dominant religions of their respective contexts is probed and challenged in their works is perhaps unmatched in the history of modern philosophy.
Says a guy who doesn't know shit about 'modern' philosophy or, indeed, anything else. Still, we get that he is a Dalit & thus is deserving of affirmative action because he is stupid & useless.
One explicitly declared himself the “antichrist”,
because he had gone crazy
while the other swore that he shall not die as a person who calls himself a Hindu,
He could call himself anything he liked. The truth is, the Muslims didn't want him & after his fiasco in Punjab, neither did the Sikhs. Christians had already been denied affirmative action under the British GoI Act of 1935. Interestingly, some South Indian Dalits are converting to Judaism & emigrating to Israel under the Law of Return. It turns out, they make sturdy soldiers & good citizens.
and led the largest recorded religious conversion in 1956 to Buddhism.
Nobody cared. The truth is, Ambedkar was lazy- not crazy- and that is the reason he was so utterly useless to his own community. Meanwhile, Jagjivan Ram was rising by merit to better & better portfolios. Had JP made him PM in 1977, Indian growth would have taken off before China.
No wonder US academia will give space to shitheads like Ankit. Those racist cunts don't want India to challenge Yankee hegemony the way Chairman Xi is doing.
This book seeks to fulfil three interrelated aims. First, it tries to associate two significant moments
They had zero significance. Manusmriti & Yajnyavalkya etc. had salience in India till the 4 'Hindu Code Bills' were passed. Ambedkar shouldn't have resigned prematurely. He should have piloted that through, thus earning the gratitude of the 'twice born'.
in the history of the modern reception of the Manusmriti and ancient Indian thought, where Nietzsche and Ambedkar constitute two of its significant world-historical readers and interlocutors.
One was mad. The other shat the bed- like J.N Mandal- & is now subsumed under the rubric of Woke 'Grievance Studies' though he had double PhD in Econ.
This engagement becomes even more significant since Ambedkar had read at least two of Nietzsche’s books, Thus Spoke Zarathustra (1883) and The Antichrist (1895), and most of his references to Nietzsche directly relate to his reading of the Manusmriti. This book is the result of a certain “entanglement” between the history of modern Indian and German political philosophy.
There was no 'entanglement'. German 'political philosophy', like German Economic theory, was utter shit. Look at Habermas!
Second, it aims at providing an understanding of the central conceptual concerns of Nietzsche’s and Ambedkar’s philosophies through their interpretations of the Manusmriti.
Nietszche identified with muscular Brahmins. Ambedkar was a Dalit with a strong martial heritage. Neither could 'interpret' a text whose language they did not know.
Finally, and perhaps most importantly, this book demonstrates the global salience of what can be called, in its broadest sense, “Dalit history”.
Sadly, Kamala lost. Banging on about her Brahmin mother won't help Trump or anybody else.
Nietzsche’s and Ambedkar’s interpretations of the Manusmriti take this sacred text
It was 'secular' because British courts decided to rely on it.
out of the hallowed and puritanical confines of intended readerships and authorships,
the thing only applied to the twice born. In a court case where a woman performs an abortion or marries again while her husband is still alive- both of which actions are frowned on by both Manu & British law- it would be sufficient to show that her community's customary law permitted such outcomes for the woman to be exonerated.
and work towards breaking the hermeneutics of innocence that have historically characterised popular and academic receptions of the Manusmriti in South Asia.
This is pure fantasy on the part of a shithead who knows nothing about Hinduism- because he wasn't raised in that faith.
While Nietzsche’s appropriation of the untouchable name “Chandala” from the Manusmriti for his own purposes is an example of t
ignorance. Around about that time, the archaeological marvels of the Chandelas were being uncovered.
he global or European reach of “Dalit history”,
shitheads like this cunt getting tenure in worthless University Departments.
Ambedkar’s refutation of Nietzsche’s reading of the Manusmriti in his late writings gives us reason to think through the multiple and contradictory intellectual and political consequences of Nietzsche’s anti-egalitarian thought outside Europe.
Nietzsche did inspire Iqbal- poet-prophet of Pakistan. Interestingly Hindu Dalits (but not Sikh Mazhabis) were not allowed to leave Pakistan for India. Why? They cleaned the toilets. In a country whose new leaders are full of shit, carrying away 'night soil' is important.
But that is the task Western Academia has imposed on young Ankit.
I hope he is properly grateful and will denounce India for not supporting Iran at every convenient opportunity.
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