Wednesday, 26 January 2022

Amartya Sen still clueless about Famine

Amartya Sen describes his first experience of the Great Bengal Famine in his memoirs. It is evident that this was either a 'food availability deficit' famine of else the Muslim League Government had deliberately taken away food supplies so as to kill millions of people. What the famine could not have been was 'distributional' or caused by one group of workers getting big wage increases and using that money to eat twice as much rice as they had previously so as to have the pleasure of watching another group of workers starve to death.

At the end of a class in the spring of 1943, we were told by some younger students that a man with evident mental derangement, who had just appeared on the Santiniketan campus, was being cruelly teased by a couple of school bullies. We went to the scene of this barbaric ​­activity — ​near the cricket ​­ground — ​and, while the two bullies were individually stronger than each of us on our own, there were a great many of us who together could give them pause.

So, Shantiniketan had bullies same as any other school. It wasn't a paradise.  

After the tormenters left with some angry words, we tried to talk to the victim. He was barely coherent, but we gathered that he had not eaten anything for nearly a month. One of our teachers joined us as we were conversing, and we gathered from him that prolonged starvation often does produce mental derangement.

What caused Sen's own mental derangement such that he would claim that this famine was not caused by lack of food availability? Was his own family hoarding food or did his granny insist he eat twice the amount of rice and then go stand outside with a bulging tummy so as to make fun of those who were starving?  

That was my first direct contact with a famine victim. But soon there were others who came into our neighbourhood in the hope of escaping starvation.

If there was no 'food availability deficit' in Shantiniketan, they would have escaped starvation. Indeed, they would soon have become healthy and robust.  

Their numbers grew as the classes stopped in May for the summer vacation. My parents joined me in Santiniketan (it was my father’s holiday too, at Dhaka University) as famished victims kept arriving in larger and larger numbers. By the time the school reassembled in July, the trickle had grown into a torrent of miserable humanity. They were looking for anything whatever that they could eat. Most of them were on their way to Calcutta, nearly a hundred miles away, having heard rumours of arrangements there for the feeding of destitutes. These rumours were vastly exaggerated. The government was not, in fact, providing any relief and private charities were woefully inadequate. But because of the rumour it was to Calcutta that the starving wanted to go. From us, they wanted a little help with ​­food — ​maybe even leftover or rotten ​­food — ​to allow them to survive as they continued their journey, on the way to Calcutta.

So- the countryside (which is where food is grown) had a food availability deficit. That's why the hungry wanted to get to the big City where they hoped the Muslim League administration  would feed them and thus secure their loyalty and their votes. However, because of wartime conditions, Calcutta could not import food from even non-Japanese held territories. Thus there was a food availability deficit. Shurawardy, the Minister of supply, had raided a lot of supposed 'hoarders' but it was apparent that stocks had fallen everywhere. There was a full blown food availability deficit across the state. No doubt, if the other Indian states had enabled transfer of food surpluses, this problem might have been mitigated. However, any blame attaching to this horrible outcome would have to attach to Indian politicians or ICS officers- like B.R Sen who had warned of the coming famine in 1942 and who had then been put in charge of Food in Delhi in 1943.


The situation continued to worsen, and by September we thought that perhaps 100,000 destitute people had passed through Santiniketan on their long journey to the big city. The continuous cries for ​­help — ​from children and women and ​­men — ​ring in my ears even today, ​­seventy-​­seven years later.

B.R Sen saw all this for himself. That's why, when he became the head of the FAO, he helped countries to increase food supply and improve its distribution so as to tackle the underlying problem- viz. food availability deficit. This approach worked spectacularly. By the Seventies, it was obvious that even India could feed itself. By contrast, back in 1919, Keynes thought that Germany would starve unless it conquered territory in Ukraine and Poland. He predicted that America would be a net food importer! Sen, similarly, emphasized only Demand and neglected the Supply side. What is remarkable is that he had seen a great food availability deficit family for himself. Indeed, East Bengal (which is where his family was from before they were ethnically cleansed) had two transitions to popularly elected Government during his lifetime and on both occasions there was a full blown famine. In other words, transition to Democracy is correlated with increased vulnerability to famine only in Sen's ancestral homeland. Yet that cretin has been saying 'Democracy prevents Famine' for fifty years now! 

My grandmother allowed me to give a cigarette tin full of rice to anyone who begged for food, but she explained, ‘even if it breaks your heart, you cannot give any more than one ​­tin-​­can of rice to anyone, since we have to help as many people as we can.’

Why was granny so mean? The answer is because enough food was not available.  

I knew that small cans of rice would not go very far, but I was glad that we could at least do something to help.

That help consisted of making food available, not talking worthless bollocks.  

It is certainly possible that if Congress, not the Muslim League, had been in power in Bengal, then B.R Sen's recommendations would have been implemented and the death toll would have been much less. Sadly, both the Muslim League as well as the other popular Muslim leader, Fazl ul Haq, were committed to the creation of Pakistan. This was based on the 'two nation' theory which in turn was based on the notion that Muslims have a duty to leave a place where the government is not Islamic and to settle in a place where the Government is committed to implementing Islamic political and juristic ideas. 

Sen writes- 

A ferocious world war was going on, the eastern front of which was moving closer and closer to us. But India’s problems were not only of external origin. There were politic­ally cultivated tensions between Hindus and Muslims.

However, these only existed because of religious tensions between Hindus and Muslims. The fact is Islam considers polytheism and idolatry and women not wearing hijab and men not keeping beards and so forth to be highly objectionable. This has now become obvious to the whole world. Sen however prefers to think that Hindus and Muslims were great pals and all the problems were caused by a few politicians. Yet Tagore himself had warned that the Hindus in East Bengal would be massacred by the Muslims once the Brits left. Indeed, his grandfather had lobbied Westminster to lift restrictions on European settlement in Bengal because only the Brits could defend the Hindu from the Muslim.  

And on top of that there were rapidly rising food prices; the intense hardship they caused was a subject of constant conversation in ​­many — ​I imagine most — ​homes in Bengal.

When prices rise, people ask 'has the supply gone down, or is this a case of hoarding by speculators'. Sen must have overheard conversations confirming that the harvest had, indeed, been bad and, on top of that, there had been a complete disruption of imports etc.  

All these problems and concerns worried my grandparents with whom I was living, and also our relations, including of course my own parents, who would visit us frequently in Santiniketan. When I went to Dhaka in the school vacations to be with them, I found the state of anxiety there to be even more palpable.

It had become apparent that the Hindus would be driven out of Dacca. Some may have hoped that Netaji Bose and his Japanese chums would protect them. But, it was a forlorn hope. The Japanese created famines wherever they went. B.R Sen and the FAO did a lot to exorcise the specter of famine. A.K. Sen, however, developed a theory of famine whose great utility was that it could create starvation even where food was in plentiful supply. This is because 'exchange entitlements' aren't things you can actually eat. Food has to be delivered to you or else you may starve. In Bengal, the Indian Famine Code could have been implemented in 1942 itself because ICS officers like B.R Sen had observed the warning signs. It was because the elected Government refused to do so that there was an 'entitlements collapse'. 

Eros as Dutch Book


Greek! You who made this your book
Bankrupting Dawn by a look
All book-keeping by a touch
Can Poros kai Penia go Dutch?




Sunday, 23 January 2022

οὐ γὰρ οἷόν τε `ἀκοῦσαι ὁμοῦ καὶ μαθεῖν τὰ λ̣εγόμενα


I've learned, from the little silver I've earned, & Judas' kiss unreturned,
No Nestor but tutors, Penelope's bullying suitors
Pati-pashu-pasha! all Nous nostos' noose
Dismember the Cosmos to remember Christmas as goose.

Envoi- 
Peace hath a Prince if Himsa is Hamsa
Heresthetic the Modi of Ri'jat's Mimamsa.



Note- that fancy Greek stuff means '“it is not possible to hear and understand at the same time the legomena” and is from the Derveni Papyrus which may be by Diagoras 'the Atheist' or, because to hear is to participate in the Air that is Intelligence, simply be a Shruti which can never, for a Smarta, have an Upanishad. The Veda is uncreated and unending. It undoes its own Vedanta. 

My mother was my beloved seal upon the Prophets, or knot tied by Diotima Mantinike, because she erroneously accused her husband of lamentable traits only I would, much later, exhibit. Indeed, in evil, I am the nine lives of her nine months of pain, whereas that pativrata's husband was the tenth son, or poros kai penia heel of Achilles, who redeems the rest. 

Yes.
In case you're wondering.
 I have been at the Babycham.
Fuck, I'm a shit poet!
Oh.
You already knew.
Cool.
Move on folks. 
Nothing to see here.

Saturday, 22 January 2022

Anjuli Kolb as a Professor of Fecal Arts

What happens when you give stupid people tenure and they then teach even stupider people who get tenure who then have to play the race card to get tenure teaching utter cretins how to play with their own feces?  The answer is you get an interview of this sort published in the LA review of books- 


CHARLES SHAFAIEH: Your debut book is, in a way, a pedagogical lesson, in which you see epidemiology not just as a science but as a mode of reading. Can you elaborate on what this method entails?

ANJULI FATIMA RAZA KOLB: Imagine that the clinical scene is like close reading a text.

Why? 'Close reading' is a metaphor- a recent one- whose appeal arose specifically because of great advances in Medicine. Sadly, it was a stupid metaphor. Doctors who make a deep study of diseases are better able to cure patients. Professors who do a deep study of a text end up babbling bullshit of an increasingly paranoid type. 

Bodies really do develop medical maladies which need to be carefully studied. Nothing similar can be said for literary texts.   

When you look at a patient, at their tissues and their pathology, you’re doing a deep dive.

No you are not. Diving is invasive. Medicine has developed minimally invasive methods of diagnosis.  

It bears similarities to New Criticism, which is very focused on the text

but which turned out to be useless. Still, it was a way to keep a Credentialist Ponzi scheme going with reference to texts people know no longer enjoyed reading or bothered to learn by heart. By contrast, they would learn the lyrics to songs they liked. But no 'New Criticism' was required to unravel their meaning even though- like 'American Pie'- that meaning was quite subtle and contextual.  

— the patient — at hand and studiously avoids the context that produced it.

These cretins studiously avoid common sense because they teach a shit subject. 

With epidemiological reading, to produce a medical narrative you have to be

smart and have had a good STEM subject education whether self-acquired or inculcated at University 

conscious and attentive both to local and distal determinants.

Nope. You just need access to a good enough simulating device for the best available Structural Causal Model. What COVID showed was that relatively simple models run by amateurs outperformed more sophisticated models used by Institutions. Consciousness and Attentiveness and Empathy and everybody braiding each others hair while offering gratuitous rape counselling is utterly useless.

There’s pressure not to seek the cause of disease in some kind of humoral dysfunction or errancy internal to the body.

That pressure arises out of the fact that 'humoral dysfunctions' don't exist. It is also pointless to cast of djinns or demons or stick pins in wax dolls.  

Instead, you need to look at environmental and migration factors as well as at the relationships between animals and humans.

Very true. To understand why Grievance Studies burgeons we need to look at the relationship between low I.Q peeps and the neighbor's cat which is ILLEGALLY surveilling them.  

It reminds us that there are causes that can be incredibly important to human health at six- or seven-degrees distance from where you think you need to look.

Nobody cares where this silly woman thinks she needs to look. This is because she teaches a shit subject.  

We’ve learned a lot about this in the last year, for example, in thinking about zoonotic diseases and how they cross over to humans.

But everybody already knew that! Under which fucking rock was this woman living when swine flu and bird flu and so forth were in the news?  I went to a primary school in East Africa. We were taught about zoonotic diseases and the teacher would mention the Kikuyu and Swahili names for specific instances. African pastoralists had known all about all them for over three thousand years! Indeed, the Indian caste system was a primitive 'pathogen avoidance theory' relating to occupational groups with different types of domesticated animals. 

Another name for epidemiological reading is the tripartite reading method of postcolonial studies,

Fuck off! PoCo is stupid shite!  

in which you have to work comparatively, in a historicist mode (paying attention to the many contexts in which a work was written and read),

PoCo shite, historically, has been a complete failure. Does anybody think Mamta reads Spivak or that Parsis think Homo Baba is a smart guy?  

and toward the political present.

In which PoCo is a target for the ridicule only of senile, semi-literate, Hindutva hooligans like myself.  

This is not a coincidence.

It is a stupid lie. Epidemiology is respected. PoCo is shat upon. 

Epidemiology, as a discipline, was born in the high era of imperialism, with the establishment of the Royal Epidemiological Society in the 1850s.

But, the 'high era of Imperialism' was the sixteenth century when the Spanish and the Portuguese pretty much divided up the world between them. The 1850s was the high era of industrial capitalism and coincided with the triumph of Free Trade and laissez faire economics. Imperialist mercantilism was put on the back foot.  

Of course, the study of epidemics has taken place for centuries. But during the cholera outbreaks in the mid-19th century that reached around the world, it became a discipline with a journal, a society, and a set of principles — principles not dissimilar from those of postcolonial critique.

Fuck off! Epidemics are real things. Epidemiology turned out to be very useful. PoCo shite may have had some slight salience when the Left Front still ruled Bengal but, now the Commies have beaten to a pulp by Mamta's goons, it is simply a joke 

It’s useful to borrow from this imperial science when describing the literary world that arises in connection with it.

Why not borrow the scalpel from the surgeon to cut upon the bodies of PoCo Professors to discover how exactly all their shit ends up in their brain?  

It’s akin to working on a puzzle, when you realize that something from one place fits elsewhere.

What sort of puzzle would that be? A jigsaw? Does this cretinous woman really take out pieces from a completed jigsaw thinking they might fit some other place- like her own anus?  

Of course they fit in this case — they were made in the same factory and with the same material.

So her idea of a good time is to buy identical, fully completed, jigsaws and then swop pieces between them while muttering about how PoCo is actually a wonderful Medical Science and everybody should get a PhD in 'Narrative Medicine' before being entitled to a job emptying bedpans.  

As much as legible connections — across time, disciplines, and types of text — ground your readings, so do absences and gaps.

Ordinary people can easily learn to read. They don't anything to ground their reading. This lady has to shove jigsaw pieced up her ass so as to ground her reading. If she didn't do so, she might float off into upper space while slowly spelling out the words in her picture book.  

I became really aware of absences when I started putting together syllabi to teach imperial and postcolonial literature toward the end of my PhD.

 Because she be brown, the Academy has a duty to create an utterly worthless job for her. Otherwise, she won't be able buy jigsaw pieces to stuff up her anus and thus will be doomed to float off into outer space. 

I felt that the story of decolonization, especially in the academic job market, was wrapped up in narratives of nation-building, of political consolidation, and heroic fulfillment stories.

Whereas, having fled Pakistan, people like her knew that decolonization was a shitshow coz dusky folk got to run things.  

They were quite biblical, which sounds crazy in 2021.

Unless, like most Americans, you are a Christian and revere the Bible as uncreated Scripture and a sure path to eternal salvation.  

At that time, I wasn’t finding my way to robust conversations about the absences, the holes, the silences in the archive of what was coming to be known as “world literature,” and the narrative of the failed state.

A 'robust conversation' with this pin-head would have involved saying 'you are a fucking pin-head you stooopid fucking pin-head' again and again till she floated off into outer space.  

Beyond the work of my own teachers, there also wasn’t much theorization about how the World Bank functions as a neocolonial enterprise

This wasn't 'theorization'. It was stupid, false, propaganda worthy of Im the Dim.  

or enough discussion about the War on Terror as a colonial war with techniques related to those used by the British and French empires.

Fuck off! The Brits and French set up a Civil Administration based on an elite cadre. The War on Terror was not colonial. It was ideological- like Vietnam.  


What interested me then and now were stories that highlighted the insufficiency of gender politics

not to mention queer and transgender and disabled rights as well as environmental considerations  

in the creation of the nation, such as Partha Chatterjee’s The Nation and Its Fragments.

You should hear what the Indian Nation says about that chatterbox. 

The more research I did on these non-heroic stories which don’t cast decolonization as a teleological move toward perfection, the more absences became the highlighted spots in my own reading.

The more stupid shit this stupid bint did, the stupider she got. 

Specifically, absences of people who were left out of nation-building stories.

I've been left out of Marvel Comic Book stories. On the other hand they have a Pakistani-American girl, ludicrously named 'Kamala Khan'.  

As a second-generation child of partition,

She must be third generation- unless her skin care regime is notably better than mine.  

of course it makes sense that I’m looking at rifts and fissures,

rather than getting a proper job or running a profitable business 

but at the time they weren’t part of the dominant story of postcolonial writing and history.

Because stories don't matter. At fucking all.  

These absences are not strictly negative spaces though.

Because there aint no such thing as 'strictly negative spaces' though there may be some strictly come dancing places.  

They can be generative as objects of study,

if by study you mean talking vacuous or paranoid bollocks- sure 

as in your reading of the redacted portions in The Senate Intelligence Committee Report on Torture.

why not read the redacted portions of the obscenities I am silently mouthing?  


When you see a redacted page, you know somebody has deliberately suppressed information.

No shit, Sherlock! 

But when you see an absence in an archive, books missing from a syllabus, or classes missing from a curriculum, it’s harder to ask questions about who that serves, who silenced those stories, and whose power that consolidates.

Unless the answer is 'the Nicaraguan horcrux of my neighbor's cat'.  

Crucial to how I imagined this book was Saidiya Hartman’s

Hartman genuinely has slave ancestry. She is writing in her mother tongue for her own greatly accomplished people as well as those who admire and seek to emulate them. By contrast, Kolb is a deracinated careerist in a worthless field.  

Lose Your Mother: A Journey Along the Atlantic Slave Route. She and other scholars who deal with archival sciences, in Black studies especially, show that it’s possible to read absences not as accidental but as deliberate suppression,

Coz the journal of a semi-literate alcoholic who writes 'Today I raped three niggers and beat five other niggers to death. I did the same thing yesterday and the day before. Wonder what tomorrow will bring?' ought to be widely published and praised- right?  

and how to plumb that suppression in the service not just of new histories but also new futures.

Ones where kids have to read journals about how many niggers or kikes or honkies the sociopathic author killed on each day of his utterly horrible life. 

Reading Hartman really taught me how serious it was not just to name absences but to theorize them.

And reading this shite teaches us that those who teach worthless shite are worthless shitheads.  


It’s also useful to think about absences in spatial terms,

as opposed to what? Absence is defined in spatio-temporal terms.  

such as with gaps in a disease map: why is one block of cluster deaths on a map far away from another one,

because the disease is absent or unrecorded in the intervening space.  

and what happens in that interval between them?

the disease is absent or unrecorded. D'uh!


Figurative language can also become a subtle means to conceal.

This cretin uses figurative language to conceal the fact that she is as stupid as shit. She may have a Doctorate but has no business teaching 'Narrative Medicine' because she is utterly ignorant and imbecilic.  

Take the pathologization of communists during the McCarthy era or the Mau Mau in Kenya.

Both campaigns were successful and both America and Kenya were better off as a result. 

Framing the spread of their or anyone else’s ideas as an “epidemic” eliminates the speakers’ political agency as well as their humanness, in stark contrast to how Empire describes its citizens.

Fuck off! Saying Trumpism is an epidemic hasn't eliminated shit. My diatribes against PoCo shite hasn't arrested that spate of diarrhea.  

The naturalizing metaphor of epidemic is a different kind of redaction or censorship. In the Anthropocene, we know that natural disasters are not exclusively natural, that we’re engineering them wittingly and unwittingly.

We know that coz we have eyes in our head though, no doubt, Sciencey guys have clarified matters with respect to parts of the world we are ignorant of.  

But instead of saying that a person, company, logging operation, or timber camp was responsible for the spread of cholera, the colonial record says it’s unclean Hindus,

who were persons 

then unclean Muslims,

who were persons 

then the working classes of Europe,

who were persons 

and so on.

As a matter of fact, epidemiologists did identify certain water supply and other such companies in precisely this manner. There was a 'profit motive' for religious events and pilgrimages which did spread diseases. But it was also known that labor contractors bringing in indentured workers could spread diseases. Indeed, Dr. Pranjivan Mehta- Gandhi's first major financial supporter- protested this (he was a barrister as well as an M.D) in Burma. He was wrong. Germs spread diseases. Balancing chakras or doshas and so forth does no good whatsoever.  

Instead of saying that there is a specific and profit-driven market in exotic animals,

and a specific and profit-driven market for Islamic Terror 

combined with global monoculture and the non-protection of species that may be responsible for the spread of COVID-19, our major news outlets blamed the wet markets and exotic (i.e., disgusting) dietary habits of Chinese people, circulating fake photos of bat soup. The figure essentially blocks the possibility of responsibility on the part of greedy agents for whom the public and public health are last on their list of concerns.

Not for long. Everybody now thinks 'gain of function' research funded by guys like Fauci was the culprit.  

To your point, it’s a way of discrediting or obscuring what are oftentimes extremely clear motives in rebellious, anti-colonial, or insurgent acts of violence.

Which is why nobody bothers with it. The truth is obvious. Murderers and rapists like killing and raping. They aint protesting anomalies in constitutional law or specific applications of actuarial science.  

On the other hand, it is only by a thorough study of Socioproctology can we solve the urgent problem of the neighbor's cat shitting all over my little back-garden. 

The theoretical genesis of this for me is Ranajit Guha’s “The Prose of Counterinsurgency,”

which is utterly vacuous shit. The guy ran away from India and became a British citizen more than 60 years ago. He pretended he knew about Naxals and thus was taken as a 'native informant' by Cold War cretins. Seriously, there was a time when ambitious guys in Naval Intelligence, or Marine Lieutenants seconded to the Indian Army, would try to make sense of his shite so as to write a dissertation and get a cushy teaching job at the NDU back home. 

in which he points out that many uprisings in the colonial record in India were characterized as hurricanes, tornadoes, wildfires, earthquakes, and epidemics.

As opposed to twerking competitions. Still, all those 'uprisings' were quickly dealt with one way or another.  

I decided to run with the latter. The natural-disaster mode of translating insurgency refuses to recognize the political demands being made.

Yet, it is the political demands which are addressed one way or another. Either the rebels realize they got no fucking power- political or economic or religious- or else a deal is done. It is a different matter that the deal may not stick. 

Kolb doesn't get that metaphors aint reality. Mummy may say 'Baby is an Angel' or 'Baby is an utter terror!' but this doesn't mean she actually treats the baby as anything other than a baby.  

It couldn’t be more important to stress that the colonial record continues to legitimate certain kinds of political claims and to suppress, obscure, and silence others.

This crazy fool thinks that 'the colonial record' has some magical power. If, currently, a poor woman in Pakistan is being gangraped it is because some 'colonial record' held by the India Office Library has suppressed her screams and made her plight obscure to her fellow villagers. Indeed, the fact that I may have been raped by the neighbor's cat too has been suppressed by some such document or, more sinisterly, by its absence. 

Where power lies determines exactly what we call something,

No it doesn't. I can call Putin a pussycat and demand that he comes and eat the nice dish of Whiskas I've put out for his din-din. But I have no power to effect any such thing. The good people of the Russian federation refuse to call Putin an pussycat, though no doubt some think him a cunt. 

and this naturalization habit has shaped the discourse around non-Europeans and nonwhite people since at least the Peloponnesian War.

Utterly false. Neither the Roman nor the Byzantine Empire discriminated between White people in Anatolia, the Levant, or North Africa. Indeed, there were Arab origin Roman Emperors- e.g. Phillip the Arab and Heliogabalus.  

It’s not just an effect of racism or xenophobia but also deeply ineffective political science.

Like PoCo shite. 

It matters how a polity or a government argues for its continued existence and fights for legitimacy in spaces like the United Nations

No it doesn't. Arguing for continued existence in the U.N or the League is utterly useless. Communist China didn't get UN membership till 1971. But it had whupped America's ass in Vietnam while keeping North Korea Red.  

by avowing a very particular European ontology as being the only possible position from which to articulate legitimate political claims.

Nonsense! After 1918 European political 'ontology' was American. Empires disappeared. Republics or Constitutional Monarchies of a strictly National character prevailed.  

The first thing we have to do is

breathe in, then breathe out- not recognize some stupid paranoid shit unless what we are breathing in is ganja smoke.  

recognize when speech is called something else and when the biopolitical state

as opposed to the geo-economic state or the theo-genomic crate or the neo-thymotic plate

pretends that speech is not happening,

actually, that is what generally happens when I drink too much at the Socioproctology Institute's Christmas and start describing my horrendous sexual self-abuse. 

or that a semiotic event is not a semiotic event but is instead some kind of mystery.

Semiotic events include derisive farts or, more sadly, satirical sharts which force you to retire from the august proceedings of the Socioproctology Institute's governing body. 

This rhetorical move exonerates Empire from any responsibility.

No. The fact that the thing does not exist exonerates it from any responsibility for getting you preggers with its metaphysical baby. But the same is true of the Nicaraguan horcrux of the neighbor's cat.  

It also treats these historical events as shocks.

Rather than cocks.  

You astutely point out how surprised Empire always is by everything it purportedly studies,

even though there is no fucking Empire anywhere still, this crazy bint, thinks it is constantly getting lots and lots of surprises- and not just on its birthday. No doubt this has something to do with cocks.  

whether that is terrorism or viruses. I wouldn’t be surprised if Malcolm Gladwell or Steven Pinker write yet another misguided historical analysis, this time entitled Shocks.

Or if Kolb starts raving about the Empires' cocks jizzing on her face when nobody is looking.  


Imperial ignorance is precisely a studied habit of shock.

coz Imperial cock keeps jizzing on it's face and, after a certain point, Imperial sapience says to Imperial ignorance- 'dude, face facts. You iz one big fat homo. That's why your face is constantly dripping with jizz. Don't clutch your pearls in indignation. Everybody has already told you the same thing. This news can scarcely have come as a big shock to you.'  


That brings me back to really ethical and important conversations that happened in the wake of the Trump election

The Women's March? Pussyhats? Three of the founders left because of anti-Semitism.  Another 'woke' own-goal. 

and also after the shooting in Atlanta in March.

Thanks to which we have three-strikes Biden and prosecutor Harris.  

There’s a real impulse, especially on the left, to evaluate surprise as a kind of barometer of your awareness of how racist, white supremacist, misogynist, homophobic, and exploitative things have been.

Because the Left is as stupid as shit. They get terribly upset when they discover Hitler hadn't really opened nice Summer Camps for Jews who wanted to explore their sexuality while learning to play the bongo drums.  

The gesture comes back to Cassandra in Greek mythology — that if you have been paying attention, none of this should surprise you.

Cassandra made accurate but unpopular predictions. These cunts talk vacuous bollocks. If you have been paying attention it shouldn't surprise you at all that the neighbor's cat, which has been surveilling you on behalf of the PTA, is raping you in your dreams which is causing you to get preggers with Neo-Liberalism's metaphysical baby. Wake up sheeple! You don't seriously believe that was a big bowel motion you just had? It was a metaphysical baby which you flushed down into the sewers where it will be brought up by Patriarchalist alligator-people.  

And yet everything in the Western imperial narrative ideology

which only exists in this lunatic's brain 

in which we exist is programmed to produce these shocks because it is also programmed to convince us that things are right in the world.

Unless you stop getting paid for being a blathershite and have to get a job waiting tables.  

There’s this gorgeous moment in Rudyard Kipling’s Kim where he describes the dawn as “diamond bright,” and men, crows, and bullocks awake together. Kim “thrilled with delight […] this was life as he would have it […] new sights at every turn of the approving eye,” Kipling writes.

Enoch Powell said something similar on waking on an Indian Railway Platform. Dawn is indeed magical in the subcontinent. But so is 'godhulia'- the 'cow-dust' moment at dusk. The reason Kipling, who was in America when he wrote Kim, speaks in this manner is that Anglo-Indians- many of whom had had to pass exams in Sanskrit and the vernacular- had been writing like that for a hundred years.  

Edward Said calls Kim a great example of the aesthetic and psychological pleasures of Empire, which I think means a kind of smug imperial coziness.

It was an aesthetic and psychological pleasure always available to Indians. Empire didn't matter in the slightest. There would probably have been more, not less, Whites in Kipling's Lahore had it remained under a Sikh king.  

That coziness tells us that regardless of what is happening on the plantation in Antigua, there’s also a beautiful pageant taking place at Mansfield Park — and that this is as it should be.

While these two cretins are enjoying this cozy chat, trillions of very poor Pakistani and Palestinian women are being raped by imaginary cats who get them preggers with NeoLiberalism's metaphysical baby.  

These insights, which I’m borrowing from Said’s Culture and Imperialism, tell us a lot about how the narratives of historical progress are designed to throw us back on our heels in moments of surprise so that we can say, “Oh my God, I didn’t know that a respiratory disease was going to kill 50 million people globally. I didn’t know that in the developed West, this type of thing could happen!”

But we do know that Said was shite, Guha was goo & Kolb is a cretin.


That coziness you identify is so explicit in the audacious, beatific opening paragraphs of The 9/11 Commission Report, which you analyze through the same lens as any other text.

Because this woman is as stupid as shit. Everybody else just read the thing. This woman had to 'analyze' it.  

Shock, too, plays such a huge role in that narrative, which in hindsight is bizarre considering, for one, how airplane hijacking used to be such a common tactic.

So, the shock was simulated- at least on the part of those paid to prevision and prevent such things.  


Joseph Slaughter published a great essay last September about plane hijackings and the way that cultural phenomenon was once associated with being “on the side of human liberation and decolonization.”

Coz hi-jackers and Carlos the jackal and PLO bigwigs had playboy lifestyles and powerful protectors behind the Iron Curtain.  

This also brings to mind insurgent histories that deal with the disruption of colonial infrastructure, like the IRA’s S-campaign (or sabotage campaign),

which failed. Many many more Irish people joined the British Army or worked in Britain supporting the war effort than indulged in that foolish and spiteful campaign.  

or the anti-apartheid attacks on power stations and transport lines following the Soweto uprising,

which failed equally miserably 

and even the rolling dockworkers’ strikes in Long Beach.

which disrupted Obama's Imperial reign or Brown's dynastic rule- right?  


Just as epidemiological reading’s connection to the literature of Empire doesn’t fit by accident,

or at all 

the targeted disruption of transportation infrastructure is not a coincidence.

Because something which is targeted is, by definition, not coincidental. What will Kolb's next great discovery be?  

Commercial and human transport are

situations where goods and people are moved from one place to another. They are not 'sites'.  A transport hub is a site. But such hubs can exist even where there is no State power of any kind.  

sites or mobile archipelagos

An archipelago can't be mobile. It becomes an island the moment it detaches itself from a landmass.  

of imperial and neoimperial power.

or non-imperial power or no power whatsoever.  

These networks of trade are what made Empire profitable,

No. Empires were only profitable if colonies raised more in revenue than their own cost of administration and defense. When this ceased to be the case, the trade network remained in place. London and Amsterdam and so forth are still hubs in a trade network though their Empires have long vanished.  

so it has deep symbolic resonance as well as practical and strategic significance. Consider the unintentional blocking of the Suez Canal, too. That it prevented $10 billion a day in global trade is fascinating.

Not particularly. Turnover in currency markets is 6 trillion a day.  


The 9/11 Commission Report begins:

Tuesday, September 11, 2001, dawned temperate and nearly cloudless in the eastern United States. Millions of men and women readied themselves for work. Some made their way to the Twin Towers, the signature structures of the World Trade Center complex in New York City. Others went to Arlington, Virginia, to the Pentagon. Across the Potomac River, the United States Congress was back in session. At the other end of Pennsylvania Avenue, people began to line up for a White House tour. In Sarasota, Florida, President George W. Bush went for an early morning run.

That’s not how you have to begin that story.

Yes it is if that is what you are paid to do.  

It is a choice to present the world as peaceful and as it should be, which tells us that the hijackings happened to interrupt the beauty of our world.

Whereas the truth was that trillions of Pakistani American were being raped by imaginary cats and then were flushing their metaphysical poo-babies down into the sewers where that spawn of Neo-Liberalism would be brought up by Patriarchalist alligator-people.  


You also criticize the opening of Donald G. McNeil Jr.’s New York Times piece about cholera, which reads, “SUNDARBANS NATIONAL PARK, Bangladesh. Two hundred years ago, the first cholera pandemic emerged from these tiger-infested mangrove swamps.” This inappropriately menacing language is not just poetic, you argue. It has material consequences.

Like what? Did readers of the NYT start foaming at the mouth? Did they burn down the Bangladeshi Consulate? No. There were no material consequences whatsoever. Pandemics must have some source of origin. But cholera is now easily treatable. Also, it is unlikely that blokes with cholera are incessantly pooing into our water supply. 

These minor occurrences can turn into terrible violence that hurts people.

But, it is equally likely that peeps reading this shite will suddenly tear off their own heads and shove it up their own poopers to achieve a like felicity as blathershites.  

We’re talking about ideology and mood — the mood that’s produced when America is described as peaceful

which it is for most Americans including those Pakistani-Americans who show no great desire to return to their ancestral homeland.  

versus when it’s described as a place where ICE agents knock on your door,

which they are welcome to do because you- like the vast majority of Americans are a citizen  

where you have to take six trains and a bus because you live in an outer borough

and because you keep sucking off people on those trains and buses and have a shit sense of direction anyway 

and your name is not written down in a log because you’re undocumented.

Though you would be plenty documented in your own country. 

I’m thinking about Karla Cornejo Villavicencio’s chapter on 9/11 in The Undocumented Americans here.

That lady was genuinely undocumented. Why is this privileged bint trying to jump on that bandwagon? Is it coz the Spaniards came and stole her ancestral land and imposed their own religion. Nope. That was the Arabs.  

The Commission Report uses textual and literary moods that produce love and affection for certain kinds of characters and spaces,

nope. The guys writing it had that love and affection already as did most of their readers. 

and suspicion and hatred for others.

Perfectly justified- in this case.  

This is so simple, but even I forget this over the course of a day.

Coz you don't want to leave America for Pakistan.  

To whom we are sympathetic and whose humanity we recognize happens in hundreds of thousands of tiny moments, regarding which pronouns and adjectives we use, what direction we point our eyes in classrooms, and who inhabits what spaces on a train.

I suppose this lady does get some funny looks on planes or trains. The solution is simple. Buy a crucifix and a MAGA hat.  

When you’re asked to conjure a picture of something that has happened, what fills in the blanks is what you already know and to what you’ve been exposed.

Which is why studying stupid shite at Grad School is going to cause you to conjure up a pretty cock-eyed picture of the world.

By reinforcing the logic that things are as they should be, or, as in Kipling, that “this is life as we would have it,”

in other words, other people are real and not just projections of your paranoid ideology 

causes a naïve reaction.

No it does not. It causes people to make a success out of worthwhile life-projects.  

It makes catastrophe feel like the breaking of an everyday peace, instead of a revelation of an ongoing emergency in which we have participated.

But the first shot which starts a war really is different from the umpteenth shot on its 500th day. Why pretend that crazy Muslims were always trying to kill innocent Americans? More importantly, why do so if you happen to be Pakistani-American?  

The more often a metaphor is used, the more often it becomes connected to that which it describes, to the point that it becomes commonplace. The metaphor then loses its poetic power by becoming cliché but gains operative potency in its material consequences. The decades-long description of “Islam” as a “disease,” for example. For many, the two can’t be uncoupled.

This, apparently, is indeed the case for this foolish woman.  Thankfully, the vast majority of American Muslims aren't at all like her. 

That’s right. I’m interested in what on the surface doesn’t look like hate speech, that which circulates endemically before it becomes epidemic.

That may be a fitting description of PoCo shite. These guys hate having to teach what is essentially a hymn of hate directed at the hand that feeds them.  

Poets know that the best metaphors are the ones that trip you up a bit and then fall into place perfectly.

Shite poets- sure. Good poets actually have something sensible to say. The best metaphors point to novel structural causal models.  

These blaming metaphors do the opposite. They become more and more fluent to the point that they’re not even flowing as figural language. We don’t think we’re comparing one thing to another; it’s just what we call that thing.

That's what happened to these cretins. First they were complaining that society was post colonial. Now they just say that the Empire is still out there and it is raping trillions of Pakistani Americans by using imaginary cats.  


I use the phrase “the disease poetics of Empire” to describe the big phenomenon at which I’m looking in the book.

Though there are no Empires left on earth and 'disease poetics' never existed. Nazi type propaganda- sure. But that wasn't poetics at all.  

By that, I don’t mean just the figural language that exists in imperial writing or discourse. I also mean the poiesis of disease in the construction of Empire. My favorite version of the idea of poiesis comes from Audre Lorde,

whose ancestors were slaves in a Republic, not an Empire 

who says that to create poetry “lays the foundations for a future of change.”

Thought that change may be Trump or Biden standing by impotently as voting rights are imperilled. 

It’s an utterly utopian, hubristic, godlike experience because it’s precisely not where figural language ceases to be figural; it’s where figural language literally produces a new life.

Though it literally does no such thing. 

That newness can be a fresh perspective, a new insight. It can even bring new community into being.

Very true. Transgender metaphysical babies reared by sewer alligators are one such.  


So the disease poetics of Empire means to suggest not just how Trump says “China Virus” and then there’s hate-motivated mass murder.

Chinatowns have been torched across the length and breadth of the United States. Amy Chua was fed to a cage full of actual Tiger Mommies while her students stood around and cheered. 

It also means that saying “China Virus” literally reinforces the borders of Empire.

It literally doesn't because there literally aint no fuckin' Empire.  

It results in the threatening of sanctions and, as with the Muslim ban, in changes to immigration laws.

No. Regulations changed. Laws didn't.  

A text therefore must be read with and through its public life and circulation,

Which means in accordance with the actual Laws prevailing, not some crazy shit you pulled out of your arse 

which reveals, among many things, the status of the various poetics it contains.

a purely subjective matter.  

For example, you treat Roland Barthes’s harsh reaction to Albert Camus’s La peste as seriously and comprehensively as the novel itself.

Why bother? Everybody knows Barthes was wrong. The fact is Camus's Oran had to be captured by Anglo-American forces from the Vichy government. White Algerians understood that the Nazis were not a plague, they represented the European's best hope of retaining African territory in perpetuity. Sartre and Barthes thought that since Camus was from a backward shithole, he must be writing from their own Parisian perspective because to be a writer means to look at things with Parisian not pied- noir eyes- coz obviously no writer of French could possess anything so degraded. 

You also choose Salman Rushdie’s oeuvre to examine not just due to his use of diseases poetics

but Rushdie isn't going to be examining this stupid woman's oeuvre because she has shit for brains 

but because of how influential his writing remains, both in literary and sociopolitical contexts.

Where? Pakistan? America? Anywhere at all?  

This is a pleasure for me as a critic and also extremely painful in that I made a commitment to thinking about the relationship between literature and power, which has held me, at least in this book, from writing about texts that I love.

She lurves Rushdie! This is a Mills & Boons romance waiting to happen. Good luck to her.  

If you study this relationship seriously, you want to talk about books that made their way into the hands of policymakers, law defenders, and military personnel.

Not in a democracy, you don't. Policymakers quickly cease to make policy if those policies aint what voters- or, at least K, street- want.  

I need to be reading the books Barack Obama picks up

They are books about the Law and Economics and Geopolitics. This woman is too stupid to understand them.  

because they have outsize and often unseen impact on both politics and literary history,

Nope. The books reflect existing economic and geopolitical and technological trends. Otherwise they may as well be Mills & Boons romances 

which evolves according to what is published but also according to what is read, assigned, and cited. If I want to understand neoimperial war, I need to read the books that Kathryn Bigelow used to inform her neocolonial perspective in Zero Dark Thirty.

The guys who won those wars did no such thing. The losers, maybe.  

To do that is to honor the life of the text as it has existed in the world, and also to hold it accountable.

and to change its nappies and to take it to the park and to ensure it doesn't choose to study stupid shit at Uni. 

Watching how a text circulates and accrues its meaning is very much like watching a meme go through the internet and explode or not.

Or watching a grumpy cat video go viral. But this is an activity which is wholly useless.  

That circulation changes the meaning of the book.

Especially if your Book Club has invested in lots of boxes of cheap Chardonnay. Then micturation changes that circulation which changed the meaning of the book...shit... we were supposed to have bought a book and read it not just get blind drunk while watching grumpy cat videos.  

When you look at famous books, it’s even clearer that their authors don’t get to determine what they mean.

Unless, like Camus, they want to.  

For a decade after the publication of La peste, Camus defended what that allegory meant to him, which was an allegory of the Resistance under Nazi occupation in France,

that's not what Camus said. That's what Barthes wrongly claimed. Oran tried to fight off the invading Anglos. Vichy was a Nazi ally. Churchill would get very very drunk and harangue Eisenhower about how, now that the English speaking were united, their first target must be the French. Ike, in his slow plodding manner, would try to point out that the Americans thought they were going to be fighting Germans like they had in the last war. Churchill, recalling his ancestors exploits at Blenheim, was all like 'fuck them fucking froggie frog frogs now! Take down their pants and shove a baguette up their rear.' Ike ultimately relented because if you are going to fight anybody why not start easy by tackling those cheese-eating surrender monkeys rather than guys whose main work skill wasn't running away.  

against Barthes and many other readers who thought it was something else. For me, it’s a novel describing the terror of Brown independence in Algeria and of Arabs.

D'uh, Captain Obvious! Camus was a journalist and his book wasn't utterly shite precisely because journalists don't get paid if they are as stupid and unobservant as Professors.  


The 9/11 Commission Report’s nomination for a National Book Award in Nonfiction is another case in point, though arguably its institutional and commercial success were among its appalling goals.

Whereas Osama's goals weren't appalling at all. This is moral inversion of a parodic kind.  


The Report was written by a group of people who went to the same private schools and knew each other their whole lives.

As opposed to these two cretins who went to the same elite Universities which create a safe space for them because of their color or sexuality or colorless stupidity.  

The commissioners, the historian Ernest May who was really its writer, and the National Book Award’s board of trustees are all boys with each other in this very American moneyed way.

As opposed to the very anti-Americanand stupid way in which these two are chummy 

The contexts that we don’t even know are literary contexts continue to really interest me.

But what she doesn't even know is everything under the Sun. 

I always tell my students

stupid shit you pull out of your arse 

that reading the acknowledgments can tell you as much about how a book was made as anything else.

Which is why those acknowledgements exist. It is to explain who gave the money and who provided the materials and who did the editing and who was part of the 'focus group' so to speak etc, etc.  


As we’ve discussed, none of that should be surprising — and yet it also is.

To these perpetually surprised cretins.  Did you know that at least 98 percent of White people are still going to be White despite overwhelming evidence that being White is terrible for the planet? Isn't that shocking? 

As a researcher, in order to have an ethical disposition toward what you’re working on, you have to be ready to be surprised.

In which case you won't really be surprised. Still, it's good to know that this researcher will evince surprise when she finds that a dirty old man who tells her to put her hand into his pocket so as to pet the hamster he keeps there is strangely deluded. There was no hamster in his pocket. There was a big hole there through which she could feel something which was curiously like a penis. How surprising! Who would have thunk it?  

There’s no good work that can come out of a constant disposition of cynicism.

On the other hand, such a disposition can keep you from having to constantly wipe jizz off your fingers.  

But we need more precise language for talking about what a surprise within an unsurprising context is.

Penis? Is that the more precise language these guys are groping for?  

Because, to me, that seems somehow like the secret of existing and surviving.

Penis. I told you so.  

I often get too optimistic about organizing and social change, or about health care.

Which is why this crazy biddy teaches 'Narrative Medicine'.  

I can’t believe that in the midst of a global pandemic we haven’t achieved universal basic income and single-payer health care.

Because voters think 7 per cent inflation is bad enough. They don't want hyperinflation or a collapse of the Federal Government- yet.  

That is a surprise to me. I really thought something might happen.

Because you studied worthless shit, not Econ.  

To bring this back to broken histories and a historiography of absence: The one thing that I will give La peste, which as a novel I don’t love, is that it ends with the gesture that basically says, “And then we forgot again.” We’re good at forgetting.

Things which we didn't remember in the first place- coz they didn't happen. Sure. That's true enough.  

Two major rhetorical gestures of the US government after 9/11 were “go shopping” and “never forget.”

Whereas when Bush's White House told Musharaff that Pakistan would be nuked back to the stone age unless it pulled the plug on the Taliban, no fucking rhetoric was involved. Still, Pakistan had the last laugh- unless they themselves go under to a more brutal Caliphate.  

Forgetting, among other things, is a tempting form of healing.

Nope- not unless the trauma was imaginary. 

It’s also a trauma response.

No. It may be a recovery response or a consequence of trauma. It is not itself a response to trauma. 

That, to me, is the truest diagnosis of our social condition as anything else in La peste.

But you are as stupid as shit. You wouldn't know a true diagnosis if it bit you in the leg.  

How we will tell the story of the pandemic in the future is an open question,

No it isn't. We already know that smart journalists will tell the story in a dramatic and compelling fashion. Meanwhile shitheads like Kolb will be teaching students of even lower intelligence and basic living skills.  

but it’s one in which we can participate in right now — who we remember, what we forget or leave behind from a “before” that was already leaving out so many of us.

Kolb doesn't get that she was left behind by Higher Education. She may think she is a winner because she got tenure when a lot of smarter peeps didn't but those smarter peeps studied worthwhile subjects. They will do very well in the real world. She chose to study stupid shit. Within a decade she will have to grade doodles made by her moronic students out of their own lovingly curated feces. Perhaps that has already happened. At any rate, it is the next step on from teaching 'Narrative Medicine'. The fact is, severely disabled people may only be able to narrate their experiences by flinging their feces about. Kolb can be the first tenured Professor of fecal arts. Her parents must be so proud.  

Incontinent Empire- Anjuli Kolb vs Priyamvada Gopal

Claire Chambers writes in Dawn of another Literature Professor's book

Anjuli Fatima Raza Kolb’s ambitious debut monograph, Epidemic Empire: Colonialism, Contagion and Terror 1817–2020. In it, the Pakistani-American scholar ranges over 200 years of history to argue that the West has long used the language of disease centrally in its methods of control.

Kolb is wrong. The West, like the East and the North and the South, has used killing and beating and incarcerating people and confiscating any nice shiny things they might have to change their victims' behavior or otherwise achieve their own material objective. Intensive brain washing, genocide and ethnic cleansing have also been used- which is why Kolb's ancestral Pakistan doesn't have a lot of non-Muslims though they were once the majority of the population. 

The language used by Islam might feature Satan and the poison of 'Westoxification'. That may be because Muslims consider their own people to be ignorant of Science. The West, on the other hand, may believe its people to be skeptical of talk of Satan and a God who really wants to fuck over anybody not of the right sect. Thus a more up to date type of language may be used. But language does not matter. What matters is beating and killing and incarcerating people or ethnically cleansing them the way Pakistan has traditionally done. 

What inspires Kolb’s thesis is Susan Sontag’s argument from Illness as Metaphor and AIDS and Its Metaphors about a pervasive and dangerous entanglement of war imagery and medical diction.

But, it turned out, that 'entanglement' didn't matter at all. The AIDS pandemic was contained coz people ignored cretins like Sontag and gave money to Scientists in laboratories.  

According to the renowned American critic,

who was still as stupid cretin because all 'critics' have shit for brains 

similes and metaphors, signs and signifiers act as misleading bridges between wars and pandemics.

Scientists didn't need some silly Sontag to tell them that. 

Kolb extends Sontag’s ideas to talk about the way in which terror and insurgency are widely positioned as a “viruslike” epidemic.

The alternative is simply to say that Pakistan is a rogue state and should be nuked back to the Stone Age. Indeed, that is what Bush's White House told Musharraf who then had to pretend to be on America's side. One result was that a lot of innocent Pakistanis were killed by American drone strikes.  Still, some Pakistanis got paid lots of dollars to go along with this. 

Such imagery of contagion has, she submits, been the defining trope of Islamophobic discourse among imperialists from the 1857 Indian Rebellion onwards.

Rubbish! Killing people or chasing them away is what has worked. On the other hand, it is true that the Hindu Nationalists objected to salutary public health programs during epidemics and used this imaginary grievance to mobilize their ignorant brethren against a paternalistic Administration. Gandhi and his pal Dr. Pranjivan Mehta got terribly exercised about vaccinations and quarantines while Jinnah, quite sensibly, took a more enlightened view. Incidentally, Gandhi was always denouncing all sorts of stuff as 'Satanic'. He truly was a cretin. 

The plain fact is that there have always been plenty of stupid peeps who don't believe the germ theory of disease. Even now, there are crazy anti-vaxxers running amok across the globe. However, as more and more of them drop dead, the problem diminishes. Language does not matter. Dying horribly because you chose to be as stupid as shit is the Darwinian way in which cretins are eliminated from the population. 

For one thing, colonisers traded in the language of Muslim extremism as a “cancer.”

No they didn't. They killed or subjugated the Muslims when they could and took away their nice, shiny, stuff. Very few ordinary people had heard much of cancer till after the second world war. Nixon's 'War on Cancer' is what led to widespread understanding of its aetiology. 

Kolb defeats her own thesis by saying terrorism is viewed both as a cancer- i.e. something which arises endogenously- as well as a plague- i.e. something which is highly transmissible. This shows the woman is as stupid as shit and teaches a worthless subject. Why not simply say 'Terrorism is a birthday cake, a cigarette carton, and also the secret name of my neighbor's cat's Nicaraguan horcrux'? The self-contradiction would not be so apparent. 

She says 'Terrorism is a cancer, an infection, an epidemic, a plague. 

This is not true. We don't spend a lot of money trying to cure terrorists of their malady. We kill them or Gitmo their sorry asses. We may equally say 'Terrorism is satanic, it is shitty, it is cowardly, it is kray kray, it is ugly and stupid and smells really bad.' In other words, we use words which signify bad things to us to show how we feel about other stuff we don't like.  Equally we might say of a curry which gave us the trots- 'that korma was a fucking ISIS suicide bomber which has wrecked my fucking guts.' 

For more than a century, this metaphor has figured insurgent violence as contagion in order to contain its political energies.

No. For thousands of years, killing or enslaving insurgents has contained their 'political energies'. Metaphors achieved shit. 

 In Epidemic Empire, Anjuli Fatima Raza Kolb shows that this trope began in responses to the Indian Mutiny of 1857 

But 'the response' to the Indian Mutiny included the intervention of Sikh troops who joyfully plundered Delhi. Does she really think those dudes were saying 'virus' to each other and wagging their turbaned heads knowledgably? 

The trope used then and now has  always been along the lines of - 'kill those fucking cunts! Fuck them over but good! Shove pointed things up their arses. Slaughter them and take any nice shiny things they might happen to own'. 

and tracks its tenacious hold through 9/11 and beyond. The result is the first book-length study to approach the global War on Terror from a postcolonial literary perspective.

But 'a postcolonial literary perspective' is an utterly foolish and useless perspective.  It doesn't matter whether we speak of a virus or Satan as motivating those who try to kill us and whom we are trying to kill. The truth is racialist epithets are what have currency on the ground. Thus when the Pakistani Army was perpetrating genocide on the Bengalis, they referred to them pejoratively as rice-eating darkies.

Since Pakistan is the biggest breeding ground for Terrorism and since it is in the interests of Pakistani origin people to try to turn the country away from that path, Kolb should be concentrating on the tropes which occur in the Urdu and Punjabi and Pakhtoon manifestos issued by the militants. But she might herself get fatwa'd if she suggests that non-Muslims aren't actually Satan's minions or that God doesnt not really want you to slay the idolaters and Ahmediyyas and so forth. 

Another example from the present day is the pathologisation of violent extremists as members of an alleged death cult, even as individual perpetrators’ mental ill health is neglected or denied.

Very true! Why do women not offer mental health counselling to violent rapists? Why do they sometimes use violence to defend themselves? How come they go to the police and try to get their assailant incarcerated? They should be helping the rapist get proper counselling and giving them lots of money to eat healthy and holiday in the Maldives. 

A final case in point is a horrible, fake story former American president Donald Trump told while on the election trail in 2016. He claimed that, during the Philippine-American War of 1899-1902, Gen John Pershing had shot dead dozens of Filipino Muslims with bullets dipped in pig’s blood. Kolb contends that, in marshalling this apocryphal tale, Trump hailed the blood as a prophylactic, inoculating the body politic against the Muslim other.

The Americans did urinate on Korans and bury Muslims with pigs. But dipping bullets in blood or anything else is a bad idea. Your gun might blow up in your hand. Pershing was all about killing anyone who didn't get on their knees to the Yankees. He thought pigs should be roasted and eaten, not wasted on dead dudes. 

Trump, it must be said, was having to play catch up with Obama who snatched Osama and had him killed and dumped in the Sea. Sadly, he could not emulate the great drone-striker and deporter-in-chief and thus got only one term. Indeed, as Biden reminded us earlier this year, it was Trump who did a deal with the Taliban to get American troops out of that quagmire of a shithole. 

Trump's constituency- as everybody knows- aint into 'innoculation'. They want all them rag-heads and Mexicans and furriners to be fucked to death. Why could Trump not deliver on even this entirely reasonable demand? How come Biden and Harris are able to preside over rape camps on the border and thus get all the credit? It's sooooo unfair!  


Trump portrayed his executive order to bar people from seven countries entering the United States as a quarantining.

Obama had previously, entirely legally and justifiably, begun this process. Trump was playing catch-up but botched things. He may have used the word 'quarantining' but it was the wrong word. What he had promised was permanent exclusion.  

In this way, acts of war or hatred are somehow recoded as acts of care.

Coz Trump was all about how we must all cuddle and kiss terrorists- right?  

The malicious “Muslim ban” is twisted into an innocent preventative measure to protect potential hosts from the parasitic invasion of foreign bodies.

Actually, it was a lame alternative to 'fuck them all to death' the way President Harrison promised to do on South Park.  


Kolb is also influenced also by British historian Robert Peckham’s Empires of Panic: Epidemic and Colonial Anxieties, as she examines (neo)colonial anxieties around supposed super-spreader events such as the annual Haj pilgrimage.

Peckham was a Sciencey guy. During the Raj there was no anxiety about the Haj spreading disease. The fear was that the Wahabbis might piss of the Indian Hanafis but Ibn Saud took care of that problem. In return, the Brits tried to ensure that Indians didn't illegally stay on after the pilgrimage. 

The plain fact of the matter was that overpopulated India was the epicenter of diseases not the clean desert air of the two Holy Cities.  Anyway, it was the Hindu Nationalists, not the Muslims, who were the guys who tried to make political capital out of the Raj's salutary public health policies. 

Previous generations of Americans had been galvanised first by so-called Yellow Peril fears (ideas about the threatening movement of non-white Chinese and Japanese bodies) and, later, by terror at communism’s spread.

But they had already been galvanized into killing anybody who had nice land or who objected to being enslaved.  Why pretend that Americans were sweet and loving people constantly cuddling with Native Americans and African Americans and Mexicans and so forth till some nasty peeps started talking about germs and viruses and cancers and plagues? 

By contrast, the people seen as contagious in the 21st century are those almost two billion individuals around the world with affiliations to Islam.

Kolb, it seems, has certainly done well to keep the fuck away from a country with 200 million of them. But the problem is not 'affiliation to Islam'. It is being a Malthusian fucking shithole. The truth is Terrorism is one way out of grinding poverty. The problem is that death soon supervenes. 

Through this lens, it is noteworthy that, in his forthcoming 2022 novel The Body by the Shore, Tabish Khair writes: “Muslims had been replaced by a virus as the global villain ... though with similar effects.”

But, for Muslims, everybody else remains a Satanic force which God will soon help those of the Faith to eliminate once and for all. Still, it is nice to see that an Indian Muslim thinks COVID is as horrible as militant Islam.  

In her powerful introduction, Kolb shows that, far from being eclipsed by Covid-19, the epidemic of metaphors has only accelerated since the novel coronavirus struck. Muslims’ villainisation, she says, has been “exposed and exacerbated” still further by the pandemic. Epidemiological tropes blur distinctions and erase the human, turning others into a single, indistinct mass associated with infectious disease.

This stupid woman won't acknowledge that it was innocent people who looked as though they might have Chinese heritage who faced bullying and harassment after the Wuhan outbreak. 


Kolb investigates the “epidemic empire” in four regions: the South Asian Subcontinent,

which was too large for any consistent public health policy. That's one reason Hindu Nationalist agitations in this respect had little pan-Indian appeal. That is why cow-protection became the first 'mass contact' platform for the INC. 

Algeria,

coz of Camus's the Plague- right? It isn't the case that Algerians speak Arabic and have a rich literary tradition. Perish the thought!

Britain and the US.

Coz them dudes write in English. 

She largely reads against the grain

i.e tells stupid lies 

of classic texts, including Bram Stoker’s Dracula, Rudyard Kipling’s Kim, Albert Camus’s The Plague and Gillo Pontecorvo’s film The Battle of Algiers.

So, only White dudes are worth studying- right? The irony here is that because traditional societies rejected the germ theory in favor of some notion of finding an internal balance of humors or male and female energies or New Age stuff of that sort

She also appraises selected works by Salman Rushdie, and surprise bestseller The 9/11 Commission Report with a critical eye, and — more sympathetically — LOOK, Iranian-American poet Solmaz Sharif’s 2016 debut collection.

Sharif doesn't seem to be in a hurry to leave the land she loathes and get back to Iran. I wonder why.  

Kolb’s readings show how 19th century novels and reports continue to impinge on our current realities, particularly as regards Islamophobia and racism.

Those aren't our current realities. Sciencey stuff matters. Grievance Studies is a nuisance simply.  

Chapter 1, titled ‘Great Games’, deals in part with the Americans’ use of a fake vaccination programme against hepatitis B in northwest Pakistan as a cover for the illegal operation to kill Osama bin Laden.

So, these Americans think it cool to shit on their own country. Obama was a criminal. He illegally killed Osama. String him up! 

The repercussions of this were that many Pakistanis were left without full inoculation once the programme was summarily withdrawn following Bin Laden’s death.

Because Pakistanis are too stupid to vaccinate themselves. America has to come and do it for them. Also why is Biden neglecting to send SEALS to wipe the bums of every Pakistani who disdains such manual labor? The answer, of course, is that he is a big fat RACIST! 

They could be forgiven for

being as stupid as shit- coz they are brown 

subsequently regarding public health measures with heavy scepticism, or from behind the veil of conspiracy theory.

In which case they could also be forgiven for trying to kill every American they can get their hands on- unless it is unsafe to do so.  

Chapter 2 scrutinises cholera’s “Blue Plague” and risks posed by contaminated water. Kolb’s analysis of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan’s work is an exception to the general rule that in the book’s first half she is interested in colonial literature.

But a guy who is knighted is part of the colonial establishment. Even if he writes in Urdu, it is part and parcel of the discourse of the colonial power.  However, Sir Syed was having to work hard to appease British suspicion of a supposed 'Wahabbi' element among the Sunnis. 

The third chapter, ‘Circulatory Logic’, interprets Stoker’s vampire against the backdrop of fin-de-siècle melancholy about the decline of the Empire.

The thing did not exist. The Empire continued to grow in size reaching a peak two decades later. Stoker was an Irishman who took up the 'absentee landlord as vampire' trope in Irish literature and united it to another Irish theme- the woman drinking the blood of her lover slain by the Sassenach.  

Chapters four and five shift to Algeria and to Camus’s and Pontecorvo’s virologically-inflected creations.

But Cholera and the Plague- which is what Oran had been afflicted with- are bacteria not viruses.  Are all Professors of Literature utterly ignorant? 


The sixth chapter on Rushdie has much to say about contemporary occupation in Kashmir and a horrific “epidemic of blindness”, wherein pellet guns are wielded to take out young protestors’ sight.

Those 'protestors' having previously cleansed Hindu Pundits out of the Valley. What they'd do to Rushdie if they could get their hands on him is well known. What is interesting is that kids are paid to go out and risk getting blinded. That's a swell way to spend money- right?  

Such atrocities are played down in the Indian author’s

Rushdie was British and Pakistani. Now he is American. He was born in India but did not have the option to take Indian citizenship because his dad migrated to Pakistan via Britain.  

mantra from his 2005 novel Shalimar the Clown: “a plague on both your houses.” These accursed houses belong to the occupiers and the Kashmiri insurgents, as though there were moral and firepower equivalence between them.

It is quite true that the Muslims ethnically cleansed the Hindus whereas the reverse did not happen. There is indeed no moral equivalence between the two sides. 

One of the strands in Kolb’s final chapter, ‘Cures from Within’, concerns the black swaths of redaction in The Senate Intelligence Committee Report on Torture (2014).

Coz shitting on America- even if you are an American citizen- is what worthless academics get paid to do- right?  

As can be seen, Kolb’s key texts are cultural as well as literary,

No. They are as stupid as shit. 

and her focus is on metaphor more than disease.

Coz she's got shit in her head. That's a metaphor right there.  

Epidemic Empire is nonetheless an instructive book for people around the world steeling themselves to enter a third year of this seemingly interminable pandemic.

If by 'instructive' you mean 'stupid as shit'- sure. Why not?  

Kolb cuts through martial metaphors to remind us that the present health crisis comes to a war-weary public.

Nonsense! China and India and most parts of the world aren't war-weary at all.  

Exhausted as they already were by over 20 years of the ‘war on terror’,

Which Obama could have ended after killing Osama but didn't because the thing wasn't 'exhausting' at all.  

what the global majority now needs is vaccine equity rather than more sabre-rattling.

Like these cretins could deliver any such thing! What the world needs to do is defund bogus Academic Departments and the Grievance Studies imbecility they foster. 

Apparently Kolb teaches some shit called 'Narrative Medicine'. This is

 is an interdisciplinary field that brings powerful narrative skills of radical listening and creativity from the humanities and the arts to address the needs of all who seek and deliver healthcare. It enables patients and caregivers to voice their experience, to be heard, to be recognized, and to be valued, improving the delivery of healthcare. This evolving transdisciplinary field of enquiry addresses issues of structural inequality and social justice in healthcare.

The Master of Science in Narrative Medicine prepares health professionals, writers, and scholars to apply the skills and values of narrative understanding to improve outcomes for both patients and caregivers. It offers a rigorous and in-depth study of close reading of creative texts, illness and disability narratives, narrative ethics, philosophy, creative writing, and other perspectives. 

The non-degree online Certification of Professional Achievement in Narrative Medicine is developed specifically for students who seek ways to bring narrative methods into their current careers.

How utterly deluded and narcissistic do you have to be to pay good money for such an entirely worthless type of credential? Why not study 'Twerking Medicine'- an interdisciplinary field that brings powerful booty shaking skills to address the needs of all those who seek and deliver healthcare, pizzas or farts into the lovingly up turned faces of their students? 

Kolb may not be Priyamvada Gopal level toxic- Pakistani women, even if second generation American, have not been able to shake off an ancestral heritage of charm and gentility in favor of JNU type gormless jhollawallah stupidity and shrillness- but her 'Epidemic Empire' is as worthless as Gopal's 'Insurgent Empire.'  I have it on good authority that Prof. Vagina Dentata Choothopadhyaya will shortly be issuing her own 'Incontinent Empire' which will consist of her shitting over each and every Chair of Comparative Literature that Ivy League possesses. The Empire strikes back with Montezuma's revenge.



Friday, 21 January 2022

The type of all Theodicy

The muscular child who beat him has gone exulting into the plump, pink, arms of one young and rich
He hides his tears because his own Mother, even in memory, is old, poor and ever farther away
'Why so woebegone?' asks wifey & though it revolts his soul to be thought a snitch
He wails of how baby whupped his ass under some paltry pretense of play

Thursday, 20 January 2022

Brandon Byrd foolishly taking Priyamvada Gopal at her demented word

 Brandon R Byrd, an Assistant Professor of History at Vanderbilt, may well be of slave descent. He is certainly justified in believing that his ancestors contributed much to every aspect of the development of his Nation- including its political and juristic ideas. Priyamvada Gopal is not of slave descent. She only recently immigrated to the West. Her ancestors contributed to Hindu, not Western, culture. But she has repudiated that ancestral culture of hers. Ludicrously, she is trying to make out that her own deep deracination and antaganomia somehow created or contributed to its own entirely Western genesis. This is on a par with Idi Amin claiming to be the King of Scotland on the grounds that he had pissed off the Queen by deporting British Asians and thus must be greatly loved by the Scots who, I need hardly saw, were being beaten and raped by the Duke of Edinburgh.  I believe Amin got some of his soldiers to play the bagpipes and march around in kilts so as to assert his claim to the Stone of Destiny. Gopal isn't yet claiming that the gown of the Oxford don is actually a type of Kanjeevaram Sari, or that God Save the King was originally a composition of M.S Subbalaxmi ,but, like Idi Amin, she has made herself obnoxious to a large cross-section of British people. Yet, in the BBC Comedy Series, 'Goodness Gracious Me', which aired before Gopal arrived in the UK, the stereotype of the elderly, uneducated. British Asian who claims that everything in the West was actually invented in India had already been squeezed dry of comic potential. On the other hand, it must be admitted that another South Indian 'scholar'- Gauri Vishvanathan- had made a career for herself in America, while Gopal was still an undergraduate in India,  by egregiously claiming that English literature was first invented as an academic subject in India and then exported to the UK for some fell reason. This was cool because back in the Eighties, a lot of American tourists were under the impression that the Indians in the UK were the aboriginal inhabitants. They must live on Reservations and thus have the right to set up Casinos. Sadly, this meant that me and my friends- who had found that some London Casinos were the cheapest places to drink after hours and, what's more, provided a free buffet- were constantly being accosted by angry mid-Westerners who thought we'd fixed the slot machines. 

Byrd is unlikely to be quite so naive. Yet he writes of the Gopal's 'Insurgent Empire'-

The mythmaking began in 1808.

There was no myth. The Slave Trade was actually abolished.  

Soon after the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed an Act for the Abolition of the Slave Trade, the English abolitionist Thomas Clarkson published the first history of the movement that had led to the ban on the trafficking of enslaved Africans within the British Empire. It was a testament to British benevolence. A tribute to Christian virtue. “The abolition of the Slave-trade took its rise, not from persons, who set up a cry for liberty when they were oppressors themselves,

African potentates who sold slaves did not demand the end of this cruel trade. Indeed, they were vocal in their opposition to the new Law. By contrast China and Japan had taken grave exception to Europeans shipping slaves from their territories across the seas though they continued to practice slavery themselves. One reason both China and Japan became insular and sought to greatly restrict contact with European fleets was because, though oppressors themselves, they didn't want their people to be a permanent slave class in far off parts of the globe. 

It is a fact that some people who were engaged in this loathsome trade became abolitionists purely because of the influence of the Christian religion. Some were indeed British. Moreover, apart from Christian principles, they also appealed to national notions of benevolence and fair play. Clarkson was not lying. He may have over-egged the cake somewhat, but there is no 'myth-making' here whatsoever. It is a fact that African communities which enslaved and sold Africans continued to do so into the Twentieth Century.  

nor from persons who were led to it by ambition or a love of reputation among men,

Again, this is true. Wilberforce, though a good orator had not sought any high office. Arguably, his eccentricities and essentially conservative instincts would not have fitted him for any other role than the one he in fact occupied- viz. an evangelical Christian retaining a place in a political sphere whose morality and legitimacy he gravely doubted. 

but where it was most desirable, namely, from the teachers of Christianity in those times,” Clarkson proclaimed.

Clarkson knew whereof he spoke. He had recruited Wilberforce for the good cause. His contemporaries considered Clarkson to have given an accurate enough account in this respect.

In his telling, the inspiration for abolitionism had risen naturally from the same people who had dominated the transatlantic slave trade during the preceding century and would maintain colonial slavery for another three decades.

It is a fact that some who regretted their involvement in this despicable trade turned to evangelical Christianity and thus, sometimes through the intervention of more erudite divines, like Clarkson, they gained abolitionist champions like Wilberforce.

As historian Christopher Leslie Brown argues, the value of a narrative of abolitionism that celebrated British virtue and ignored enslaved resistance was crystal clear to Britons of the late Victorian and Edwardian eras.

Because Africans wanted to sell Africans to White men or Arabs or anyone else who would pay. That's why the only narrative possible was that the British, for some reason of their own, would use their very powerful Navy to fuck you up if you tried to get into this line of work. 

 While colonial subjects in Great Britain's global empire and their allies in the metropole condemned the many manifestations of the violence and exploitation foundational to colonial rule,

Colonial subjects did no such thing unless they wanted to go to jail. One or two- like Dadhabhai Naoroji- could get away with it because they had plenty of money and could even get into Parliament.  

Violence is foundational to any rule whatsoever. That's why it isn't safe to try to rape the Post Man or the clerk at the DMV. As for exploitation, babies exploit the fuck out of us. Condemning this sort of stuff is stoooopid. 

British intellectuals recast imperialism as the natural outgrowth of their antislavery heritage.

No. Imperialism already existed. As part of 'the scramble for Africa', suppressing the slave trade was mentioned. But that was a late nineteenth century development and Britain's East African possessions were never particularly profitable. Germany certainly lost money on Tanganyika.  

They insisted that the British Empire had once undermined its own economic self-interest by acting so charitably on behalf of enslaved and trafficked Africans in 1808 and declared that it now delivered civilization to the world's backward races. They wrote in the service of nation and empire, “almost,” as the Trinidadian scholar Eric Williams would note wryly, “as if Britain had introduced Negro slavery solely for the satisfaction of abolishing it.”

Williams was from the Caribbean and was reflecting on the sort of shite he was taught at school. But the Caribbean was a very small part of the British Empire though, no doubt, it had once been the most profitable part. However, by the time another brilliant Trinidadian scholar- V.S Naipaul- began publishing, it was clear that William's fundamental thesis was wrong. Empire existed because different tribes or ethnicities didn't get along with each other. For a slave trade to exist, it was enough for there to be no naval hegemon capable of suppressing the atrocious thing. 

I should point out that Britain had not 'introduced Negro slavery'. Africans did that. Britain got involved in the slave trade so as to gain revenue to pay for the Navy that was vital to its own defense. Unlike Portugal, Britain had not brought 'negro' or Chinese or Indian or other slaves back to their own islands. But then Portugal itself had abolished slavery within its European territories during the second half of the eighteenth century. 

By the mid-twentieth century, a teleology of slavery and empire was well established.

Nonsense! It could be argued that Empires turn warring tribes into nations and thus there is a teleology whereby Empires dissolve into Nation States. Similarly, it could be argued that slavery has a teleology whereby the descendants of slaves become a mobile working class with some differentiation in terms of work specialization. However the only 'teleology' linking slavery and empire would be the one whereby 'Slave dynasties' displace the Emperors who can no longer afford to pay off their Praetorian guard of barbarians.  

Even as British politicians including Prime Minister Harold Macmillan recognized the inexorable tide of decolonization, they characterized that phenomenon as a mere repetition of “the processes which gave birth to the nation states of Europe.”

Which had to do with the collapse of Empires after they had fulfilled their historical mission of wielding warring tribes into Nations.

The British had stirred “national consciousness in peoples who have for centuries lived in dependence upon some other power.”

Because they were tribal or clannish or- like the Indians- hopelessly divided by Religion. 

 It was colonial rule that allowed Africans, an inferior people capable of imitation but not innovation, to catch up to a much earlier stage of European political development.

Sadly, the European view at that time was that Africans were capable of innovation- of a mischievous sort- but not Japanese style imitation. Indeed, that view may well persist to this day. 

In this telling, decolonization was conservative rather than radical; a continuation, not a departure.

The fact is, a lot of such polities- Guyana, Zanzibar etc- lurched to the Left before slowly repenting 'innovations' of a wholly mischievous type. Communist China aint sponsoring that type of shit anymore though no doubt Venezuela is welcome to stew in its own juices.  

It was the natural end of a natural process whose inevitable outcome—the postcolonial nation-state—was a European invention.

Because Nigeria was actually an African invention? Believe me, Africans aint stupid. They laugh heartily at academics who make foolish claims.

In her most recent book, Insurgent Empire: Anticolonial Resistance and British Dissent (2019), Priyamvada Gopal, professor of postcolonial studies in the Faculty of English at the University of Cambridge, illuminates two intertwined aspects of British imperial history: colonial rebellion and metropolitan dissent.

Gopal is wholly ignorant. Her work is funny- at least for fellow South Indian Brahmins- precisely for that reason.  

Building on the foundational work of black radical scholars such as Williams

who wasn't radical at all as Trinidad's Premier. Even VS Naipaul- a relative of whose had supported Williams at a crucial point- couldn't be too acerbic about him. Still, the fact is, Trinidad and Guyana would have been better off backing policies favorable to the conservative, rural, East Indian rather than pursue the chimera of 'Black Power' in some 'Socialist' format to gull an urban proletariat who soon turned to the drug cartels as being less essentially fucked in the head.

and C. L. R. James,

another West Indian Leftist from a wholly insignificant part of the world. These were 'Mimic Men' with a vengeance. 

in conversation with contemporaries including Antoinette Burton,

a nice white lady who knows shit about shit 

Gopal refuses that narrative in which colonialism is characterized as a self-correcting device and emancipation and decolonization are represented as gifts given to enslaved and colonized people or even as the ends of slavery and empire.

Gopal is Indian. The fact is Indian people paid the East India Company to provide public goods- Defense and Law and Order- but, being Indian, occasionally suggested that they should themselves receive money for letting Whitey do the heavy lifting. This culminated in the Nehruvian begging-bowl. India, despite being an agricultural country, demanded America feed it and- after the Chinese invasion- also defend it and wipe its bottom on a regular basis. It was only when the Americans tried to get India's support for their Vietnamese misadventure, that India did a defense deal with the Soviets (which involved paying cash for armaments) and permitted its farmers to grow more food. But this also sealed the doom of the Indian Leftist because whining about Whitey won't magically produce either food or pay for S-400 missiles. Thus Gopal has had to emigrate.  

She recognizes subaltern resistance as constant and consequential—as central to self-liberation and the history of anticolonial politics and thought.

But everybody knew that the Indians could always have thrown out the Whites at any time from any region of the sub-continent. The only reason this did not happen was that the alternative was worse. The British Umpire didn't come cheap but, so long as the Indians were lazy and divided by Religion, they did represent value for money- at least while Britannica ruled the waves.  


Part I of Insurgent Empire begins by reinterpreting the impact of what Gopal considers two exemplary crises of British empire: the Sepoy War of 1857

which Muslim aristocrats, like the Pataudis, referred to as 'Ghaddar'- treachery- and which they lamented as a disaster for Delhi 

and the Morant Bay Rebellion.

Which had no effect whatsoever on India. Gandhi said Ruskin and Carlyle were his Gurus even though both, along with Dickens, were for the racist Governor Eyre. This was despite the fact that the foundations of the Indian National Congress were laid in London during the 1860's and Naoroji, Bonnerjee etc were very much au fait with the business. 

In the spring of 1857, the British press published lurid accounts of the uprising of Indian rebels, including peasants and native soldiers (sepoys) in the army of the British East India Company. Those reports not only emphasized the “barbarism” of the rebels but also presented a gruesome picture of the nature and scale of British repression. Many Britons soon read eyewitness accounts of British troops binding accused Indian insurgents to the mouths of cannons and then blowing them to bits. For some Britons, the violently suppressed rebellion “presented itself as a text that necessarily asked for a different kind of reading” (44). Focusing on the Chartist leader Ernest Jones,

who influenced Marx. However, the Indians preferred his original view that such Mutinies (e.g Vellore) were retrograde. Why? The two main elements in it were Salafi Islam and Chitpavan type Hindutva- both of which are anathema to the Left.  

Gopal argues that some white Britons identified the insurgency as a model for a resurgent, democratic struggle of English workers,

Jones did indeed do so. It is claimed that he wrote a poem urging the Sepoys to revolt, using his own blood as ink, while in prison. However, 'English workers'- for some strange reason- were not enthused by dusky mutineers who killed White women and children. Gopal's argument is utter shit. 

whose socioeconomic needs were denied by the same capitalist interests that demanded the violence of imperial rule.

The Mutiny was crushed- mainly by Indian troops of various descriptions. Gopal argues that English workers wanted to emulate the Sepoys by killing the wives and kids of the Boss Class because...urm... they wanted to be blown out of the mouths of canons? The truth is Gen. Napier- conqueror of Sindh- had shown the 'physical force' Chartists his canons and told them bluntly that they didn't have any fucking physical force whatsoever.  

She offers an important reframing of the development of solidarity.

There was no fucking solidarity! When the working man got the vote he'd prop up the Conservatives or the Liberal Unionists- who eventually merged with the Tories- because he had no fucking solidarity with the Irish- let alone the Indians or the Africans. Indeed, the second Indian to get into Parliament voted to keep out East European Jews. Why babble nonsense about solidarity at this late hour? Which British or American Trade Unionist is praising the Ayatollahs or demanding an alliance with North Korea?  

For Gopal, the resistance of Indian insurgents was the catalyst for a praxis of solidarity in which

Meo tribesmen raided the insurgents who were soon divided along confessional lines. Then Scottish highlanders and jubilant Sikhs entered Delhi and killed and looted to their heart's content. The Nehrus had to flee Delhi though they had been vakils of John Company.  

“the political and the affective were mutually constitutive”—where “common human feeling” bound together a political community that recognized difference but identified and based its struggle on points of shared concern (22, 79).

If this didn't happen in Delhi itself, how the fuck was it supposed to happen in London? The truth is, as Mayhew says, those beggars who previously disguised themselves as Indian 'lascars' got the shit kicked out of them and thus that species of beggar or crossing sweeper disappeared completely.  

As Gopal notes, the Sepoy War did not, could not, produce anything close to an anti-imperial consensus in Britain,

or Delhi itself! Gopal did her first two degrees there. But they were in English- not Urdu- so she remained as ignorant as shit.  

but subsequent, similar colonial uprisings ensured that questions about the imperial project remained at the forefront of British public consciousness. From India, Gopal turns to Morant Bay, Jamaica, where in October 1865 hundreds of men and women of African descent marched into the town square, initiating a conflict with the local militia.

They killed some White peeps. That was a really bad idea.  

She explores how Britons understood the uprising, which spread across the parish of St Thomas-in-the-East before John Edward Eyre, the governor of Jamaica, declared martial law and British troops burned down the houses of peasants, flogged and summarily shot hundreds of presumed rebels, and executed many others.

Which is why Jamaica aint now as horrible a shithole as Haiti. 

The execution of George William Gordon, a colored member of Jamaica's House of Assembly, takes center stage. Gopal shows how the execution of Gordon on charges of conspiracy and the investigation of the Jamaica Royal Commission into the causes of the Morant Bay Rebellion created opportunities for Afro-Jamaicans to air their grievances.

Those 'opportunities' already existed. What Gopal means is that the illegality of the rendition and summary execution of a landowner gave the Jamaicans a pretext for drawing attention to their grievances. 

British newspapers printed the final letter from Gordon to his wife, in which he decried his undeserved death sentence and defended his recommendation that aggrieved Jamaican peasants “seek redress in a legitimate way” (96). The Jamaica Commission received letters from those peasants—from self-proclaimed “disobedient subjects,” who assured their would-be rulers that “it must be life or death between us before we should live in such a miserable life” (102).

This was happening just as Naoroji, Bonnerjee etc were setting up the London India Society. Why did it have zero impact on them? How is it that they didn't ensure that the kids back home got the message that Ruskin and Carlyle- who were raising money for Eyre's defense- were the bad guys here? Gandhi, it is true, was pretty stupid. But even he respected the shibboleths of the INC and tried to read a little Mazzini etc. 

The answer, of course, is that the founders of the INC felt that Eyre had been sufficiently punished by dismissal. The Indians would continue to believe in Gladstone's benevolence for another twenty years. Indeed, they revered Morley (or, in Maharashtra, Harbhat Pendse) because they wanted Home Rule without any Labor code limiting working hours etc.  The other point is that Indians know that the 'common law' is neither common knowledge nor commonly acknowledged in their own country. Martial Law must always be wholly unrestricted- i.e. extra-judicial killing is the final guarantee of the existence of a Judiciary. Thus Mill's reputation declined while Ruskin and Carlyle were vindicated. 

Britons such as the labor activist Frederic Harrison took note.

Harrison was a barrister and a Positivist- a bit like Herbert Spenser- and did have an influence over Indian Law students. He too had previously been influenced by Ruskin and Carlyle. 

A member of the Jamaica Committee, a group founded in opposition to Eyre's declaration of martial law in Jamaica, Harrison wrote in Martial Law: Six Letters to ‘The Daily News’, “We cannot make rules for negroes without baiting them like traps for Europeans.” He asked, “Whose turn, be it colony or citizen, might not come next?” He insisted, “Every citizen in the empire, black or white, is periled by the sanction of outrage on any other” (122–3).

 Dadhabhai Naoroji certainly came to see Harrison as an ally and wanted him to come to Madras in 1903 to preside over an INC convention. However, Naoroji was also open to a more 'Socialist' avenue of progress as opposed to the old 'Self rule under British Paramountcy' banner. One reason for this was that Naoroji had been Dewan of Baroda at a time when the Resident had been poisoned and the Gaikwad deposed. In other words, the stark reality of the benighted hinterland moderated Naoroji's belief in Courts and Parliaments. Thus, he was prepared to countenance a thoroughgoing change in the 'mode of production'- i.e. land to the tiller, etc- and thus attended the Second International along with Rosa Luxemburg and so forth. 

Gopal argues convincingly that Harrison's dissent transcended the mere recognition that colonial subjects were also people and should not suffer the extreme violence of the colonial state.

It was Chief Justice Cockburn, not Harrison, who had salience here. But what the Eyre controversy showed was that the Common Law was a House divided by the quid juris quid factum distinction. Essentially, the facts of the matter could be judged in consonance with whatever legal, or wholly illegal, principle was expedient. In other words, the Law can always says it forbids extra-judicial killing while actually inflicting extreme violence simply so as to remain the Law of the land. 

Harrison was understood as drawing a parallel between combinations in restraint of trade- more particularly labor unions- and the grievances ventilated by the half-black planter, Gordon, and the Native Baptist preacher, Paul Borg, both of whom Eyre illegally executed. However, the fact remained that poor Blacks had killed some White people. Those who had instigated them had been illegally executed but no Jury would convict on that basis. The truth is Mill looked a fool. He had wasted political capital in what appeared a vindictive prosecution of a fucking Ozzie. 

It is instead suggestive of a broader process in which the protests of Afro-Jamaicans helped radicalize British liberalism, encouraging among some British liberals more “racially inclusive and egalitarian conceptions of rights” (88).

The reverse happened. Chief Justice Cockburn and John Stuart Mill emerged with damaged reputations. The rough and ready Australian was vindicated. Liberals, it seemed, might get very excited about their own abstractions but Juries and Electorates would bring them back to earth with a bump. Embracing radical notions of 'inclusivity' would end up excluding them not just from power and influence but also any practical or intellectual skill or ability. They might as well become Professors of worthless shite for any good they might do. 


In Chapters 3 and 4, Gopal gives special attention to the English writer Wilfrid Blunt

who, falling under Sir Richard Burton's influence, took to a priapic type of Orientalism and ended up dressing in Bedouin robes and fucking a lot of high society women. Apparently he left the horse-breeding side of things to his wife- a descendant of Byron. Believing himself destined to do for the Arabs what Byron had done for the Greeks, he certainly did play a part in undermining the Ottoman Caliphate and laying the groundwork for the Arab Revolt. But this was because he was a useful idiot of the India Office. Cromer depicts him as a romantic poetaster whose enthusiasm for Islam causes him to fan up the flames of Arab delusion in a manner precisely calculated to bring Egypt into bondage. 

while analyzing how travel accelerated the development of a culture of British anti-imperialism.

though it unquestionably first accelerated the reverse and only became associated with the second after Brits decided that package holidays to Spain were preferable to National Service in the Tropics.

In 1881, Blunt went to Egypt, tasked with convincing the popular Egyptian leader Colonel Ahmad Urabi of the legitimacy of European rule over Egypt.

This is nonsense. Blunt had a horse breeding property in Egypt and knew Malet, the Consul General, from his own time as a diplomat. Malet and Colvin briefly used Blunt, who appeared on the spot by accident, in their negotiations with the Colonels. But it was not the case that any official in London had sent Blunt to Egypt. On the other hand, Blunt had social relationships with some influential Liberals, like John Morley. Furthermore, he was influenced by his wife's Arabic tutor, Sabunji- a Christian journalist who, quite understandably was opposed to the Caliphate though, later on, for financial reasons, he became its supporter- and thus Blunt, who was wholly ignorant of Arabs and Arabic, but who had some sort of Byronic fantasy of himself as a virile Bedouin liberator, had adopted Sabunji's anti-Ottoman cause as his own. It is also true that Gladstone-who was posing as an anti-Imperialist on his Midlothian campaign- was a correspondent of his. However, Blunt had been losing interest in Egypt and had been thinking of going to Yemen or the Hejaz. He wrote, "in... an [exalted] spirit I left London for Suez" in the autumn of 1881 persuaded... that 1 had at last a real mission in the East connected with the Arabian Caliphate" & it was more or less an accident that I found my sphere of activity at Cairo instead of Arabia itself as I had planned it." Thus it simply isn't true that 'Blunt went to Egypt, tasked with' anything at all by anybody at all. Rather he was making an annual trip to a warm climate (he had only one working lung) and had no plan or mission or task with respect to Urabi in his mind. Then his ship ran aground in the Canal and so Blunt decided to spend a few days seeing his friends in Cairo rather than waiting at Suez. Thus it is wholly false to say that Blunt was tasked to see Urabi. Gopal and Byrd are simply lying. The fact is European rule did not exist in Egypt. Blunt could not convince anybody of the legitimacy of something which did not exist. After the Anglo-Egyptian War, Blunt was banned from that country for a few years. Thus, he was not seen by the Arabs as a cunning British agent rather than a crazy English fool. 

What was Blunt's actual role? The answer is that, as a result of a comical mix-up such that he accidentally came in touch with Sheikh Hajrasi of al-Azhar  who was close to the Colonels (his own mentor Abduh was keeping a distance from the Army)- he became a 'useful idiot'- the pawn of two ambitious officials who were determined to increase British influence in Egypt and who would do so once Gambetta was out of office and the French were preoccupied, by using and then getting rid of Urabi who was himself a representative of the native Felaheen whose great enemy was the Turko-Circassian military caste. Blunt himself was under the influence of, Afghani's acolyte, Abduh while it was Sabunji who was putting Arabic words in his mouth and who was  translating what he was being told with the result that Blunt continued to write utter nonsense about a future Islam so wholly under British tutelage such that the profit from the Hajj trade would accrue to England! 

 Blunt, having unwittingly led Urabi down the garden path did, to his credit, help him financially to fight a legal battle- but the fellow was still exiled because, after all, some Europeans were killed on his watch. Once again the message was clear. Don't kill Whitey if Whitey can really fuck you up seven times from Sunday coz u r shit at fighting. 

It is thought that this supposed perfidy on the part of the British establishment towards the Egyptian Nationalists pushed Blunt down the road of sympathy with Irish and Indian and Arab revolutionaries. 

On the other hand, since the French were facing problems with Islamists in their North African possessions and blaming Cairo, it was inevitable that Gladstone would intervene- and not just to keep a Trade deal with France in place. Indeed, England's initial alliance with Egypt had arisen out of fears of a Pan-Islamic 'Wahhabi' revolt. 

He returned to London in the spring of 1882 convinced of the very cause he was meant to suppress.

 This is sheer nonsense. Nobody expected him to suppress shit because he was just a horse-breeder with an aristocratic wife.  On the other hand, his stupidity made him a 'useful idiot'. Blunt says that Malet and Colvin pretended to have Nationalist sympathies and used him to manipulate Urabi- whom they wanted out of the picture so as to increase their own power over the Khedive. Nobody in London thought of Blunt as a diplomat- he had left the service more than a decade previously after contracting an advantageous marriage. 

As Gopal demonstrates, seeing the resistance to the beginning stages of the British occupation of Egypt

which was the direct result of Egypt's abject failure to conquer Ethiopia despite its superior armaments and plethora of European, and some American, mercenaries.  The defeated Egyptian army officers revolted against the Khedive because ...urm... obviously, if Blacks, or Jews, beat you fair and square then it must be the Monarch's fault- right? Still, the new Khedive (his father having been deposed by the country's European creditors) tried to get Urabi on side. Thanks to the silly billy, Blunt, Malet and Colvin were able to get Urabi to revolt again after which, because the Egyptians were shit at fighting- the British occupation and 'veiled Protectorate' began 

sparked in Blunt a sympathy with the cause of Egyptian anticolonialism. He came to “see himself as an Egyptian nationalist” at the height of the age of British high imperialism (153).

He says that, in 1881, Malet and Colvin were pretending to him that they too were exactly the same sort of 'Nationalists'. They just wanted Col. Urabi to agree to a smaller sum to bring the Army up to strength. But that strength was meager indeed. Only a fucking poet could have been stupid enough not to see through the chicanery.  

While Insurgent Empire is concerned with how crises at the colonial margins sparked dissent at the metropolitan center

There was no fucking dissent whatsoever in London over either the Mutiny or Morant Bay or Urabi Pasha. Why? They were quickly and profitably dealt with in a manner which increased British security and prosperity. One or two poets or pedants may have had their noses put out of joint- but nobody gave a fuck about them. 

and, in doing so, closed the imagined distance between the two, the book offers tantalizing glimpses into the politics of the colonized themselves.

No it doesn't. Gopal is as stupid as shit. The politics of the colonized is transparent to themselves because they can read Urdu or Arabic or whatever and a lot of the primary material is available on the web. 

The plain fact is that the native Egyptians wanted the Turko-Circassians and Greeks and Italians and Armenians and other foreigners to just fuck the fuck off. That's what Nasser delivered. That's why Urabi is a hero. European Imperialism, like Ottoman Imperialism, was hated because it meant foreigners, Muslims or otherwise, making money in Egypt whereas the felaheen wanted to keep that money for themselves. 

We don't need no 'tantalizing glimpses' into the mind-set of indigenous people anywhere who resent richer 'outsiders' and who fantasize about grabbing all their nice shiny things while kicking them in the pants and telling them to get lost. 

It raises—even if its goal is not to answer—important questions about subaltern politics, which were as diverse as their origins.

No it does not. 'Subaltern politics' just means guys who burned down a police station or who ran amok because of high meat prices. Some stupid Marxists pretended that shit like that mattered coz there was gonna be a really big Revolution some day soon and then it would be discovered that those guys in Nicaragua who burned down a police station were actually, albeit in an occult manner, in solidarity with those other guys in Nova Scotia who protested against high meat prices. Anyway, what would happen next is that all the Capitalists would be punitively sodomized and then the World Revolution would take concrete shape as a big breasted woman who would titty wank all and sundry without regard to color and creed.  

How do the political concerns of the mutineers of Chapter 1 compare to those of the Swadeshi movement, which, as covered in Chapter 4, emerged after the formation of the Indian National Congress and advocated for boycotts of British goods and the development of local industries in response to the British partition of Bengal?

The mutineers wanted lots of money. So did the guys who manufactured Indian textiles. The mutineers wanted to kill Whitey so as to get Whitey's money. The 'Swadesi' nutters wanted to displace goods made by Whitey with indigenous products so as to get money which previously went to Whitey. 

Incidentally, the British partition of Bengal was a good thing. The Hindus realized this in 1947. That's why Bangladesh is now a separate country while Hindus remain, for the time being, the majority in West Bengal.  

How do both compare and contrast with the politics of Jamaica's African and Afro-descendant populations?

They don't. Indians paid Whitey to stay. Whitey paid money to bring Africans to Jamaica.  

Gopal references sources in which Jamaican estate owners complained of tenants who refused to pay rent because “the Queen had given them the place when she gave them freedom” (106). She refers to rebels who had held mass meetings where they implored their peers to petition the queen for land, on which they were prepared to pay their share of taxes. These rich sources offer profound insights into the ideas about subjecthood and governance held by Jamaica's African and Afro-descendant people.

Why would rebels implore 'their peers' to petition for stuff? Either there really is a rebellion, in which case the rebel demands that everybody in a similar situation to himself joins the rebellion, or else there is only a situation where some are wrongly labeled as rebels and they humbly beseech their own people to draft petitions showing they are no such thing by drawing attention to common, easily remediable, grievances. 

They warrant further attention and additional readings as transcripts of rebellion and grassroots politics in which the colonial state appears as a site of belonging and an object of struggle.

Nonsense! We all understand that what was written then was written with a strategic motive. Poor people want land and money. They may pretend they will pay tax on that land or provide a service for that money. But this is merely pretense unless they get valuable public services in return for that tax payment or acknowledgment of paramountcy.  


The voices of a later generation of black and Asian political actors possessed of a more definitive anticolonial politics are more pronounced in Part II of Insurgent Empire, where Gopal adeptly reinterprets the anticolonial internationalism that flourished between World War I and World War II. In Chapters 5 and 6, Gopal focuses on Shapurji Saklatvala, a native of Bombay who moved to London and became an MP, first for the Labour Party, then as a Communist.

He was related to the Tatas. However, he was elected as a Communist with Labor endorsement. However, there was an opportunistic aspect to this.

He was only the third Indian politician seated in the House of Commons.

All three were Parsis. Hindus weren't interested in getting into Parliament. They were not enthused by Sinha getting a seat in the House of Lords and wouldn't lift a finger to help get his son his hereditary right to sit there. The Lords claimed that Sinha's marriage was not valid because his parents weren't married in a Church. Thus his son was a bastard. Hindus thought this hilarious coz the guy was a very pious and scrupulous Brahmo. 

In his own telling, Saklatvala was “one of the conquered and enslaved subject races” and the voice of the “British electors who sent me” to Parliament. He amplified growing, global critiques of empire as enslavement and promoted alliances between British labor and Indian nationalist movements, including as a member of the British section of the League against Imperialism.

This is stupid shit. The fact is, the Chief of the Imperial General Staff had told the War College  that the British Army could not hold Ireland or Egypt or India. Indeed, it would be hard pressed to defeat a Bolshevik insurrection in England itself.  That's why Afghanistan, Egypt and Ireland got independence in 1922. Turkey defeated the Allies. But Gandhi's unconditional surrender gave the Raj a twenty five year reprieve. The plain fact is that the Empire offered cheap defense and law & order- albeit at the price of some racial nastiness. But that nastiness only affected some Brown Sahibs whom everybody else hated. Incidentally, Sir John Simon's wife- an alcoholic- was a remorseless warrior against racism and oppression of any sort. But this wasn't why the Indians told Simon to fuck off back to Blighty. 

He embraced a “dual but intertwined representational responsibility,” attempting as the House's unofficial “Member for India” to “forge a language of opposition to empire that would at once undo the pretences and prevarications of gradualist reformism and make clear that resistance to empire was in the interests of both the Indian and British working classes” 

Indians considered him a nutcase. Sant Nihal Singh has left a compassionate portrait of a deeply silly man who, however, was shrewd enough to see that the Communist party would do more for him than the Liberals had done for Naoroji or the Tories had done for Bhownagree- i.e. give him a safe seat. The price he had to pay was to insist that Indian labor be paid at the same rate as British labor- i.e. prevent low wage competition- and thus protect White standards of living. Bhownagree, it will be remembered, similarly helped bar the door to poor Jewish refugees. 

British Communists, of Indian heritage, like Saklatvala and the Palme Dutt brothers were no great threat to the Indian bourgeoisie. Clemens Dutt sent Phillip Spratt to India- this was the farcical Meerut conspiracy. But Spratt married a South Indian lady and later became quite Right Wing. My memory is that a son of his was a senior IPS officer. 

Other “interpreters of insurgency” took similar actions (35). In a period of global anticolonial ferment, numerous activists and intellectuals from Africa, Asia, and the West Indies took up residence in London, where they pressed the anticolonial cause. Along with Saklatvala,

who had zero influence in India and was a sort of pensioner of the Tatas who, however, don't seem to have taken a snobbish attitude to his working class English wife 

these outspoken radicals included Claude McKay, George Padmore, and C. L. R. James.

who had slave ancestry and thus had a genuine grievance. The Indians didn't. They paid Whitey to rule over them because their own people could not be trusted.  

Taking advantage of democratic conventions that were offered in the metropole but routinely suppressed in the colonies, these men, along with equally influential female comrades like Amy Ashwood Garvey, who receive less attention in Insurgent Empire, introduced more incisive critiques of British nationalism and imperialism.

The trouble with 'incisive critiques' during periods when it is perfectly legal to be addressed as a fucking nignog is that they tend to fall rather flat. Things may have changed in that respect, but they may quite easily change back if Gopal type nutters keep running their mouths off. 

In the years of the Second Italo-Ethiopian War and the Spanish Civil War, as World War II loomed on the horizon, they would, for instance, hold a mirror up to the hypocrisies of Great Britain, which practiced its own form of “colonial fascism.”

Hilarious! We are speaking of a time when it was not considered impolite to refer to a colored man as a nigger to his face. If you wished to be courteous, you might address the chap as 'Professor' precisely because of the low status of pedagogues. At any rate, such was the import of a typical after-dinner anecdote I myself heard when young- from the lips of an emeritus Professor. 

Their words and actions had a demonstrable effect.

No. Hitler and then Stalin's words and actions had a demonstrable effect. Suddenly, Whitey needed Blacks and Wogs and Kikes and so forth to secure their own military survival.  

As Gopal establishes in Chapters 7–9, black radicals forged formidable ties with British leftists.

With the result that the leftists went to the wall rather like Corbynistas being sunk by their ties with 'woke' nutters like Gopal. BTW, is she a Chinese agent or merely a useful idiot? Her dad must have been RAW and the apple doesn't fall far from the tree. 

In turn, those British allies amplified the voices of black radicals, which clarified the intimate relationship between race and class.

Though nothing of the sort exists.  

McKay published his work in the Workers’ Dreadnought, the leftist paper edited by the British suffragist Sylvia Pankhurst. Padmore appeared alongside other pan-Africanists in Negro, the anthology edited by Nancy Cunard. These works were evidence of a robust praxis of solidarity, Gopal shows.

But that praxis was a pissing in the wind. Why not mention Sir John Simon's alcoholic wife?  

They emerged from the process of reverse tutelage and seeded collaborations to come.

Pedagogues may believe 'tutelage' matters. Everybody else thinks 'Professor' is a less offensive way of saying 'Nigger' or 'kike' or 'white trash' or whatever.  

Pankhurst and Cunard were among the British leftists who would join James, Padmore, and their comrades in the International African Friends of Abyssinia.

Even after they discovered Haile Selassie owned plenty of slaves? Incidentally, Selassie got on great with the Dukes of Aosta- as did, his rival, Gugsa. Sadly, the genuine Commies got rid of the one and kept the other under house arrest. 

The New Leader, the official newspaper of the Independent Labour Party (ILP), would amplify the anticolonial and anticapitalist politics of radicals such as Padmore and Jomo Kenyetta,

Kenyatta a 'radical'! Young Uhuru had plenty of Capitalist Aunties but nobody told him his daddy was anti-capitalist!  Why? Because it simply wasn't true.

the activist who would become Kenya's first head of state.

And the daddy of its current head of state. His family is the richest in Kenya. Their net assets are estimated to be at the half billion mark. But they are patriots who won't take foreign money to sell out the country.

The ILP's politics were radicalized by the same demands for national independence later aired at the Pan-African Congress held in Manchester, England in 1945. Just before that historic event, the ILP showed that it had arrived at a dissenting position on the question of Britain's imperial nationalism; in a resolution passed by its National Council, it pledged “to establish social justice in Britain and national liberation in the Empire” (372).

The ILP disappeared from Parliament by 1948. Whatever its 'dissenting position' may have been, everybody agreed it was shit.  

Insurgent Empire ends in the years after World War II, with an inexorable wave of decolonization precipitated by

Europe not having a pot to piss in and America and the Soviet Union rubbing this in their faces.  

colonial rebellion but also supported by a small but influential cohort of British anti-imperialists.

Anti-imperialists only became influential when Imperialism ceased to be a paying proposition. Anyway, it was pricelessly funny to watch them pretend that some newly independent shithole wouldn't become a very much more horrible shithole within a decade though, no doubt, 'the great Liberator' would become a billionaire.  

It brings the reader full circle, returning to two initial themes: the significance of travel from the metropole to the ostensible colonial margins and the “crises of conscience” caused by reports of counterinsurgency.

This sounds like the plot of 'Apocalypse Now'. What does it have to do with the end of Imperialism which was associated with a decline in the terms of trade for primary producers- i.e. the impossibility of the thing every paying for itself?

The fact is that we have always had travelers who write stupid shite. Nobody cares. 

In Chapter 10, Gopal focuses on the “Mau Mau rebellion,” the uprising, primarily of Kikuyu people, that helped move Kenya towards independence from Great Britain.

National Service ended in 1960, though the thing had become politically untenable after Suez. Britain saw it was cheaper to just pay off the white farmers in Kenya. On the other hand, after independence, Kenyatta needed the British Army to fight the Somalis and put down mutineers etc. That's why Kenya became a paradise for the MNC. 

She shows through the case of Fenner Brockway how the uprising helped radicalize some British observers.

Brockway was charged with sedition in 1915 and later spent a couple of months in jail. He was plenty radical before he got involved in 'Colonial' politics.  

As Gopal elucidates through a close reading of Brockway's travel memoir African Journeys, the MP and member of the ILP

He had returned to Labor, after 20 years without a seat, in 1950. He'd later lose his Slough constituency because he was blamed for colored immigration. 

arrived in Kenya amid the anticolonial insurgency “convinced of the need for both moderation and gradualism.” He witnessed the visceral forms of violence characteristic of colonial rule. He returned to London sympathetic to the oppositional use of violence in the cause of freedom, at the start of “his transformation … into a full-time British anticolonialist” (406).

Brockway was active in the India League from after the First war. He had always been an anti-colonialist. In 1947, he took the lead in organizing a Conference supporting independence for non sub-continental colonies

In 1954, Brockway became the founding president of the Movement for Colonial Freedom (MCF). His reports on British atrocities in Kenya earned him the nickname “Member for Africa” and helped transform the MCF into a “mass movement against imperialism” in Brockway's somewhat hyperbolic telling, that would, in fact, enjoy the support of almost a hundred MPs and about twenty British trade unions (423).

I think Suez was the game-changer. America's pulling the rug concentrated minds. Anyway, National Service had to go. Britain had no tradition of peace-time conscription. That's one reason old conshies like Fenner were tolerated.  

Spanning the century from the Sepoy mutiny to the Mau Mau rebellion, Insurgent Empire succeeds in showing that Britain's colonized subjects not only struck for their own rights and freedoms

if that were really true, they could not have been colonized in the first place. The existence of an insurgency in an Empire shows that subjects had previously surrendered, they had not 'struck for', their rights and freedoms. Furthermore, if there is a peaceful handover of power both to territories were there was some small insurgency and those where there was nothing of the sort, then it must be the case that insurgency didn't matter in the slightest. Economic or geopolitical factors had made Imperialism unviable. Sadly, the political potential of 'insurgency' turned out to be wholly mischievous. Either the thing was suppressed and everything remained shitty or the thing prevailed and things got shittier yet.  

but, through their resistance, also reshaped British intellectual and political culture.

Though genuine Brits deny we have any such thing. It was the Germans who drooled on about 'kultur'. We have pubs and clubs and football teams. True, times have changed. It is no longer cool to call a chap a nigger or to drive while blind drunk or to bathe only once a week. On the other hand, you can sodomize each other on the Northern Line without anybody raising an eyebrow.  

Reading a robust “archive of dissidence, opposition and criticism in relation to the British Empire,” Gopal's work reverses the traditional pathways of imperial and intellectual history, in which ideas radiate from the metropole outwards, from Europe's colleges and cathedrals to the “non-Western” world (454).

Kenyatta's ideas, like those of Gandhi, radiated back to their homelands after their London sojourn.  Gopal can show no evidence of the reverse happening. I can. Islam in Europe and America arose from the 'non-Western' world. Something similar could be said of Voodoo and Kung Fu and Yoga and Ayahuasca and Sushi and so forth. 

It disrupts the most essential and essentialized categories of the post-Enlightenment world, including the very notions of “Western” and “European.”

It disrupts the distinction between truth and commonsense as opposed to stupid lies and paranoid fantasies.  

As Gopal reveals, the values and ideals often acclaimed as the invention and inheritance of people who imagined themselves as white

as opposed to purple 

truly emerge fully realized among the colonized and oppressed.

Very true. English is a Bantu language. Prince Charles does not understand that his Top Hat and Tail Coat were invented by Andaman Islanders. Westminster is modelled on the traditional legislatures of the Australian aborigines. Merchant Banking was invented by coolies. The Stock Exchange was first started by Mauritanian slaves. Cambridge University is but a pale shadow of an institution of higher learning set up by Cambodian rent-boys.  

The language of colonial insurgents is baked into modern discourses of liberalism, liberty, and justice.

No it isn't. Critics of BoJo don't utter war-cries deriving from the Maji Maji rebellion.  

Current understandings of freedom and equality owe as much to the peasants in Morant Bay as they do to the philosophers of the Enlightenment.

Thinks nobody at all. Why not suggest that Liberalism aspires to the condition of the peoples of Haiti?  Come to think of it, Dr. Robert Love- a Bahamian educated in America- had to flee Haiti for Jamaica. He was an influence on Marcus Garvey and played a role in getting Black voters registered etc. But he owed nothing to Morant Bay. Bedwardism, it is true, did find a hero in Bogle, but Bedward ended in a lunatic asylum. No doubt, Gopal's 'current understanding of freedom and equality' is equally insane but it really has nothing to do with stuff that happened over a century ago in rural Jamaica. 

In writing these truths, Gopal reminds us of what today's apologists for empire would have us forget: that, as Frantz Fanon argued, it was the task of the enslaved, the colonized, and their descendants to create the new man—to “invent a man in full”—whom Europe was wholly incapable of “achieving” or even imagining

But Fanon was mouthing stupid French shite while batting for the goons who ruined Algeria. What 'man in full' did he create? Anyway, Gopal is incapable of writing truths. Her genius is for uniting Hindus and Jews and the White Working Class against her own kind- i.e. elitist immigrants who teach worthless shite because they are stupid and paranoid.